VOKA 3D Anatomy & Pathology

16/02/2026

What is Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH)?

If you’ve ever wondered why your child’s molars (or yours) seem to chip easily or are extremely sensitive, the answer might be MIH. 🦷

🔍 What is it?
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization is a developmental defect where the enamel is softer than normal. It specifically affects the first permanent molars and often the incisors.

🤷‍♂️ What causes it?
The exact cause is still unknown, but research suggests it happens during infancy or early childhood. It has been linked to:
• Childhood illnesses
• High fevers
• Nutritional disturbances

⚠️ The Consequences:
Because the enamel is weak, MIH can lead to:
1. Tooth Sensitivity: Discomfort when eating or drinking.
2. Rapid Decay: The soft enamel breaks down quickly, leading to cavities.
3. Treatment Challenges: It can be difficult to numb these teeth for procedures, and fillings often need replacement.

Early diagnosis is key!

📌Learn more about anatomy and pathologies in 3D with VOKA 3D Anatomy & Pathology —visualize complex conditions like never before!

13/02/2026

Your brain is the most complex organ in the universe—and it’s sitting right inside your skull. Here are some fascinating facts that will make you appreciate it even more. 👇

1. It Generates Enough Electricity to Power a Light Bulb 💡

Your brain is constantly firing neurons, producing about 12–25 watts of electricity. That’s enough to power a small LED bulb. So yes, you literally have bright ideas.

2. It Can’t Feel Pain 🚫😖

The brain has no pain receptors. Neurosurgeons can perform brain surgery while the patient is awake—cutting into brain tissue without causing any sensation of pain. Headaches? That’s your scalp, blood vessels, and muscles, not the brain itself.

3. Your Brain Shrinks While You Sleep 😴

During sleep, your brain clears out toxins and reorganizes information. But here’s the kicker—it actually shrinks slightly to allow cerebrospinal fluid to flow more easily and flush out waste. By morning, it expands back.

4. It’s 60% Fat 🧈

Yes, your brain is the fattiest organ in your body. That’s why healthy fats like omega-3s (found in fish, nuts, and seeds) are essential for memory, focus, and long-term brain health.

5. It Processes Information Faster Than You Think ⚡

Your brain can process an image in just 13 milliseconds. That’s faster than the blink of an eye. It’s constantly making split-second decisions you’re not even aware of—keeping you safe, balanced, and breathing.

Bonus Fact:
You have around 86 billion neurons, and each one connects to thousands of others. That means the possible connections in your brain are greater than the number of atoms in the universe. 🌌

Which fact surprised you most? Drop a 🧠 in the comments!

📌Learn more about anatomy and pathologies in 3D with VOKA 3D Anatomy & Pathology —visualize complex conditions like never before!

12/02/2026

Ever heard of a condition where the eyelid turns outward? That’s called Ectropion👁️

Specifically, it’s a malposition of the lower eyelid where the lid margin and lashes are pulled away from the eye (globe). This exposure leads to irritation and constant tearing because the inner part of the eyelid isn’t being protected.

The most common cause?
Involutional Ectropion. This isn't caused by "acne" (typo fixed!), but rather by tissue aging and the weakening of the eyelid’s ligamentous support. As we get older, the tendons holding the eyelid tight simply stretch out.

✅The Good News:
While eye drops can provide temporary relief, the gold standard for fixing the position is surgical correction. It’s considered the most effective treatment to tighten the lid and restore normal function.

📌Learn more about pathologies in 3D with VOKA 3D Anatomy & Pathology —visualize complex conditions like never before!

11/02/2026

How Semaglutide Rewires the Brain to Change Your Appetite🧠

We often think of weight loss as simple math—calories in, calories out. But if you’ve ever wondered why that math feels so hard, the answer lies deep in the brain.

Nestled in the center of your head is the hypothalamus. Despite its small size, it acts as the body’s metabolic switchboard. Specifically, a region called the arcuate nucleus determines whether you feel hungry or full.

Here, two types of neurons battle for control:
🔴 Orexigenic neurons: Release Neuropeptide Y (NPY). Their job? To scream "EAT."
🟢 Anorexigenic neurons: Release POMC and CART. Their job? To whisper "You’re done."

In many individuals, the volume on the "hunger" neurons is simply turned up too high.

Administered via a simple subcutaneous injection, Semaglutide acts as a hyper-realistic mimic of the natural satiety hormone GLP-1.

Step 1: The Central Switch
Once in the bloodstream, Semaglutide crosses into the hypothalamus and binds to GLP-1 receptors. It effectively tells the hunger-promoting neurons to quiet down, while simultaneously activating the satiety-promoting pathways. The noise stops.

Step 2: The Gut-Brain Highway
But Semaglutide doesn't stop at the brain. It travels down to the vagus nerve—the main parasympathetic highway connecting the stomach to the head. By stimulating GLP-1 receptors on vagal afferents in the gut, it physically slows down how fast food leaves your stomach.

The Result?
Food stays in the stomach longer. You feel physically fuller, faster.

📌Explore the full video on our YouTube channel VOKA 3D Anatomy & Pathology.

10/02/2026

That Urge to Pop is Real... But Resist It!

1. You Drive Bacteria Deeper🧫

Squeezing forces the bacteria, dead skin, and oil inward and downward. This can spread the infection to surrounding pores, leading to MORE breakouts in the same area in the coming days. You’re not removing the problem; you’re relocating and amplifying it.

2. Hello Scars & Dark Spots🩹

Trauma to the skin from popping triggers inflammation. This can damage the skin’s collagen, leading to pitted or raised scars. More commonly, it causes Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH)—those stubborn dark marks that can last for months, long after the pimple is gone.

3. Risk of Broken Capillaries & «Popsicles»🩸

Aggressive pressure can rupture tiny blood vessels (capillaries) near the surface. This can leave permanent red or purple vascular marks, sometimes called «pop-sicles.» These are much harder to treat than the original pimple.

4. You Increase Pain & Healing Time⌛️

Popping turns a minor, surface-level issue into a major inflammatory event. The resulting swelling, redness, and tenderness make the blemish look and feel worse instantly. It also significantly delays the skin’s natural healing process.

💡What To Do Instead:
· Spot Treat: Use a salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide patch or cream.
· Reduce Inflammation: Apply a bit of niacinamide or a cold compress.
· See a Pro: For deep, painful cysts, a dermatologist can do a safe, sterile extraction or inject a cortisone shot.
· Protect: Always use sunscreen! UV exposure darkens post-pimple marks.

Your skin is not the enemy. Treat it with care. Save this to remind yourself next time the temptation strikes❤️

09/02/2026

🦷 Systemic Enamel Hypoplasia: When Enamel Development Is Disrupted

Systemic enamel hypoplasia is a congenital developmental anomaly that affects groups of teeth symmetrically, often resulting from metabolic disorders in the mother or the child during tooth formation.

🔬 Clinical presentation includes:

➡️Symmetrical white opacities
➡️Enamel pits or grooves
➡️Thinner or structurally weakened enamel

⚠️ Because enamel cannot regenerate, early diagnosis is essential.

🛠️ Treatment focuses on aesthetics and protection, with options including:

➡️Enamel remineralization therapies
➡️Direct restorative procedures
➡️Veneers or full crowns in more severe cases

📌With VOKA 3D Anatomy & Pathology, visualize enamel formation, structural defects, and treatment approaches through detailed 3D models—enhancing understanding for dental students, clinicians, and educators alike.

05/02/2026

04/02/2026

What was the most surprising thing for you? Share in the comments!

meded

03/02/2026

Maxillary sinusitis is an acute inflammatory condition affecting the mucosa of the maxillary sinus. In the catarrhal stage, inflammation leads to mucosal hyperemia and edema, disrupting normal sinus ventilation and mucociliary clearance, which are essential for sinus drainage and defense.

As the disease progresses to the serous phase, increased vascular permeability causes serous exudate to accumulate within the sinus cavity. In the advanced purulent stage, the exudate becomes infiltrated with neutrophils, thickens, and transforms into pus, reflecting bacterial infection and escalating inflammatory response.

Understanding these pathological stages is key to accurate diagnosis and effective ENT management.

📌 Explore sinonasal anatomy and inflammatory pathology in immersive 3D with VOKA Anatomy & Pathology.

02/02/2026

A cataract is a condition in which the eye's lens loses transparency, leading to progressive vision loss.
Common causes include aging, trauma, long-term medication use, and systemic diseases such as diabetes.

This video demonstrates phacoemulsification, a modern and minimally invasive cataract surgery technique, showing each key step-from anesthesia and corneal incisions to ultrasonic lens emulsification and intraocular lens implantation. Explore how advanced microsurgical methods restore visual clarity and improve patient outcomes.

Explore dental anatomy and periodontal pathology in high-detail 3D with VOKA Anatomy & Pathology!

30/01/2026

Mind-Blowing Pregnancy Facts 🤯

🫆A baby’s unique «fingerprint» isn’t just genetic. It’s shaped by their movements in the womb and the pressure of the amniotic fluid against the tiny ridges on their fingers. No two are alike, even for identical twins!

👼🏼Around the 3rd month of pregnancy, a baby develops a waxy, cheese-like coating called vernix caseosa. It protects their delicate skin from the amniotic fluid, acts as a natural moisturizer, and even has antibacterial properties!

🧁By 15 weeks, a baby has developed taste buds! Flavors from the foods the mother eats pass into the amniotic fluid. Studies suggest babies can show a preference for these flavors after birth, shaping their future food likes.

💪🏻To support the growing baby and the birth process, a pregnant body releases a hormone called relaxin. It loosens ligaments and joints. It’s so effective, it can temporarily increase a mother’s bone density and strength!

🫀The fetal heart starts beating around week 6, but here’s the wild part: In the womb, a baby’s heart has a small opening called the foramen ovale and a special blood vessel, allowing blood to bypass the non-functioning lungs. It closes shortly after birth!

And the most surprising fact?
Every single pregnancy journey is uniquely amazing❤️

What was the most surprising thing for you? Share in the comments! 👇

29/01/2026

Aortic Valve Replacement🫀: Ozaki Procedure | Part 3

This stage of the Ozaki procedure focuses on creating and implanting new aortic valve cusps using the patient’s own pericardium.

After glutaraldehyde fixation and triple rinsing in normal saline, the pericardium is prepared for reconstruction. With the help of a dedicated template, precise cusp outlines and guiding marks are drawn, and three cusps are carefully cut.

🔬 Cusp implantation technique

🔹Each pericardial cusp is aligned according to the markings

🔹The first anchoring suture is placed at the center of the sinus base

🔹Sutures are then added symmetrically toward the commissures, following the “one-to-three” rule, ensuring even tissue distribution and a natural dome-shaped cusp

🔹In the commissural areas, selected sutures are brought out through the aortic wall and tied externally, securing commissures at the correct height and ensuring optimal coaptation

Once both commissures are fixed, the cusp reaches its final anatomical form. The same meticulous suturing technique is repeated in the remaining two sinuses, resulting in a fully reconstructed valve with three symmetric cusps and a central coaptation line.

✅ Clinical impact
The Ozaki procedure restores physiological blood flow through the aortic valve, significantly reducing symptoms such as dyspnea, rapid fatigue, and other signs of heart failure. Using autologous pericardium typically eliminates the need for lifelong anticoagulation and lowers the risk of thromboembolic and bleeding complications—improving both quality of life and long-term outcomes.

📽 Watch the full procedure in detailed 3D on our YouTube VOKA 3D Anatomy & Pathology.