24/01/2020
🎉Spring Festival🎉
Spring Festival (春节), also known as Chinese New Year or Lunar New Year, is the grandest festival in China, with a 7-day long holiday. As the most colorful annual event, the traditional Spring Festival celebration lasts longer, up to two weeks, and the climax arrives around the Lunar New Year's Eve.
China during this period is dominated by iconic red lanterns, loud fireworks, massive banquets and parades, and the festival even triggers exuberant celebrations across the globe. (Picture 1)
❓Why is it called Spring Festival?
The festival usually falls after the solar term, beginning of Spring (Lichun, 立春), hence the name, Spring Festival marks a new year on the lunar calendar,the celebration of the coming of spring, and desire for a new life as well. (Picture 2)
❓History and Tales
The Spring Festival originated during the Shang Dynasty (17th-11th century BC), which has more than 3800 Years’ history. (Picture 3)
It used to be a ceremony to honor ancestors and heavenly deities during the close and beginning of years. Deity worship is also carried out, but to a lesser degree than it did in China’ s past. This is now closer associated with holiday tradition than it is with actual religious practice. When China’s economy became heavily involved in agricultural production, the Spring Festival began to be celebrated for the incoming warm weather and planting of crops. (Picture 4)
‘Year’ has been called ‘Nian’ (年) in Chinese since the Zhou Dynasty (1046 - 256 BC). The most popular tale linked to the celebration of the Spring Festival is about the nian (年) monster. According to Chinese legend, the nian was a beast that devoured animals and humans for every day of the year. After it was discovered that the nian monster could be driven away with the color red and loud noise, people decorated their houses in red, dressed in red clothes and played with firecrackers at the turn of the year to scare it off.
🔸2020-The Year of the Rat
In 2020 Chinese New Year festival falls on Jan. 25. It is the Year of the Rat according to the Chinese zodiac, which features a 12-year cycle with each year represented by a specific animal. People born in the Years of the Rat including 1936, 1948, 1960, 1972, 1984, 1996, and 2008 will experience their Zodiac Year of Birth (year of their own, 本命年). (Picture 5&6)
🥢What to eat
The New Year's Eve dinner is called ‘reunion dinner’, and is believed to be the most important meal of the year. Though every region (even household) have different customs, there are some common dishes seen on every table. (Picture 7&8)
🍲Dumplings (Jiaozi) (Picture 9)
These are a staple of the Chinese New Year banquet. They are eaten during every special occasion, but are the most significant during Chinese New Year.
During New Year preparations, every member of the family participates and wraps dumplings together. There are too many different types of filling to count. Typically, they include Chinese cabbage, green onion, pork and shrimp (similar to spring rolls). (See Winter Solstice about how to make dumplings)
(Picture 10)
In Chinese, dumplings (jiăozi 饺子) sounds like ‘交子’(jiāo zĭ). ‘交’ (Jiāo) means ‘exchange’ and ‘子’ (zĭ) is the midnight hours. Put together, it is the exchange between the old and new year. All dumplings should be wrapped at this time. By eating dumplings, you are sending away the old and welcoming the new. Besides, the shape of the dumplings resembles the Chinese tael which was used as currency in ancient China, so it symbolizes good fortune. Some people will also put a coin in a random dumpling. Whoever eats it will have great luck that year.
🍲Rice Cake (Nian gao) (Picture 11)
Rice cake, or ‘New Year cake’, is called ‘nian gao’ in Chinese. The tradition of eating nian gao goes back 3,000 years. In ancient times, it were used only as offerings to the ancestors and gods. Gradually, it became a traditional dish during the Spring Festival. Now it is available every day of the year, but are still a special treat for the festival.
Nian gao has the same pronunciation as 高 (meaning tall/high). The Chinese word ‘nian gao’ correlates to the phrase ‘年年高升’ (nian nian gao sheng), which means ‘increasing prosperity year after year’.
These cakes come in both savory and sweet variations, and either made of sticky glutinous rice or yellow rice. Nian gao from northern regions and the south almost seem like entirely different things.
(Picture 12)
🍲Spring roll (Chun juan) (Picture 13)
Spring roll is a Cantonese dim sum dish that's named after the Spring Festival. The words ‘chun juan’ literally mean spring and roll. The golden color of the fried spring rolls represent gold bars - which, of course, symbolize wealth. Spring rolls can be filled with either vegetarian (mushrooms, cabbage, bean sprouts) or meat filling (ground meat, shrimp)
🍲Fish (Picture 14)
Fish is a traditional Chinese New Year dish on the Chinese New Year dinner menu. In Chinese, fish (yu 鱼) has the same pronunciation as 余, which means ‘surplus’ or ‘extra’. Therefore, fish dish in every Chinese New Year means ‘may each year bring prosperity’ (年年有余, nian nian you yu).
Steamed fish is one of the most famous Chinese New Year recipes. Families buy a whole fish, which symbolizes unity, and typically steam it with ginger and a light soy sauce. It's also important to leave leftovers for the next day, because this signifies that the prosperity will overflow.
📌What to do
(Picture 15)
➡️Time for Family Reunion
Like Christmas in Western countries, Chinese New Year is a time for families to be together. Wherever they are, people are expected to be home to celebrate the festival with their families.
➡️House spring-clean and holiday shopping
After half a month's busy time with a house spring-clean and holiday shopping, the festivities kick off on the New Year's Eve, and last 15 days, until the full moon arrives with the Lantern Festival.
➡️Staying up late on Chinese New Year's Eve
Like people waiting in New York Time Square to see the ball dropping, Chinese people have the custom of staying up late on Chinese New Year's Eve to welcome the new year's arrival. After reunion dinner, families normally sit together to watch the Spring Festival Gala, one of the most watched TV shows in China.
➡️Then, after a day of resting at home, people start to visit relatives from the second day of the New Year. The married couples go to visit the wife’s parents’ home on the second day. The following days will be spent in various relatives’ houses. For some extended families in rural areas, half a month is barely enough to visit everyone. People bring gifts to one another’s homes and give red envelopes to the kids. Nowadays, most people send WeChat red envelopes or short messages to acquaintances by phone. (Picture 16&17)
➡️Opening-door Firecrackers
People will fall over each other to set off firecrackers in the early morning of Chinese New Year's Day. Once they wake up, it is the first thing they do. People wish to welcome the good luck inside when they open their doors in the morning. Some companies will also set off opening-door firecrackers during the 6th to 8th of lunar January, when people return to work. (Picture 18)
Although there are many traditions and customs associated with Spring festival, some of them are dying out in modern time:
1. Worshiping the Kitchen God (Picture 19)
Legend has it that on December 23rd of lunar calendar, the Kitchen God will make a year-end report about each human’s good and evil deeds to the Jade Emperor of heaven. Toward evening, each family is anxious about their evil deeds exposed to the emperor, so they burn incense, set off firecrackers, and worship the god with ‘bribery’ like cakes, nuts, and dried fruits. Therefore, the Kitchen God will only report their good side. In fact, the enshrining activity is mainly for a smooth, wealthy, and healthy expectation for the future life. Nowadays, most people use gas stove and electric cooker instead of the traditional fire stove, so the tradition is disappearing.
2. No Sweeping and Dumping on the Lunar New Year's Day (Picture 20)
In the olden days, it was considered improper to make sweep, or dump rubbish on the first day of the festival, for it foreboded that all the good luck and fortune would be driven far away.
3. Offering Sacrifices to the God of Wealth (Picture 21)
Folklore has it that the fifth day of the Spring Festival is the God of Wealth’s birthday. People want the god to bestow their houses with good luck, so they prepare a big dinner at home to celebrate the god’s birthday. And the sacrifices ceremony, where the meal is offered to the God of Wealth, and left to go cold, so the god can take his fill, usually begins around midnight to 01:00 am on that day. (Picture 22)
❗️Reducing going out 减少外出
❗️Wearing a mask to prevent new coronavirus and flu!出门注意戴口罩!!😷😷😷
(Picture 23)
Links
https://www.travelchinaguide.com/essential/holidays/chinese-new-year.htm
https://www.travelchinaguide.com/essential/holidays/new-year/facts.htm
https://www.travelchinaguide.com/essential/holidays/new-year/traditions.htm
https://publicholidays.cn/spring-festival/
https://www.google.com.hk/amp/s/www.chinahighlights.com/travelguide/chinese-food/chinese-new-year-food.htm
https://chinesenewyear.net/food/
https://gbtimes.com/spring-festival-food-checklist
https://www.laweekly.com/eat-these-10-essential-chinese-new-year-dishes/