Lines Lab " Dr.Shaimaa Sami Albanna "

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Dr. Shaimaa Sami Albanna
CEO, owner and founder of Lines Lab
Medical analysis consultant
Honorary doctorate degree in hematology and clinical chemistry
American society for clinical pathology fellowship FASCP
Freelance Medical Content Writer

Normal lymphocytes vs. reactive lymphocytes ๐Ÿ’‰๐Ÿ”ฌDr. Shaimaa Sami Albanna ๐Ÿ’ž
04/01/2026

Normal lymphocytes vs. reactive lymphocytes ๐Ÿ’‰๐Ÿ”ฌ

Dr. Shaimaa Sami Albanna ๐Ÿ’ž

Urease test: ๐Ÿ’‰Medium used for urease test Any urea medium, agar or broth (It can be a sole medium or part of panel like ...
03/01/2026

Urease test: ๐Ÿ’‰

Medium used for urease test
Any urea medium, agar or broth (It can be a sole medium or part of panel like motility indole urease (MIU) test)

Indicator used in urease test ๐Ÿ’‰
Phenol red
Color change:Urea
Original: orange yellow color
Final color (in positive test):
Bright pink

Urease test principle ๐Ÿ’‰

Urea is a diamide of carbonic acid. It is hydrolyzed with the release of ammonia and carbon dioxide.
Many organisms especially those that infect the urinary tract, have an urease enzyme which is able to split urea in the presence of water to release ammonia and carbon dioxide. The ammonia combines with carbon dioxide and water to form ammonium carbonate which turns the medium alkaline, turning the indicator phenol red from its original orange yellow color to bright pink.

Procedure for urease test ๐Ÿ’‰

The broth medium is inoculated with a loopful of a pure culture of the test organism; the surface of the agar slant is streaked with the test organism.
Leave the cap on loosely and incubate the test tube at 35 ยฐC in ambient air for 18 to 24 hours; unless specified for longer incubation.

Organisms that hydrolyze urea rapidly (e.g. Proteus spp) may produce positive reactions within 1 or 2 hours; less active species (e.g. Klebsiella spp) may require 3 or more days. In routine diagnostic laboratories the urease test result is read within 24 hours.

If organism produces urease enzyme, the color of the slant changes from light orange to magenta.
If organism do not produce urease the agar slant and butt remain light orange (medium retains original color).

Urease test is useful test ๐Ÿ’‰

This test can be used as part of the identification of several genera and species of Enterobacteriaceae including Proteus and Klebsiella. It is also useful to identify Cryptococcus species, Brucella, Helicobacter pylori.

Name of urease positive organisms (Bacteria) ๐Ÿ’‰
Proteus spp
Cryptococcus spp
Corynebacterium spp
Helicobacter pylori
Brucella spp

Note: Mneomonics to remember urease positive organisms: PUNCH (Similar mneomonic for oxidase positive organism is PVNCH)

P: Proteus
U:Ureaplasma
N: Nocardia
C: Cryptococcus neoformans/Corynebacterium spp
H: Helicobacter pylori

Dr.Shaimaa Sami Albanna ๐Ÿ’ž

Gram Negative Bacteria Biochemical Testing ๐Ÿ’‰๐Ÿ”ฌ๐ŸงซDr.Shaimaa Sami Albanna ๐Ÿ’ž
03/01/2026

Gram Negative Bacteria Biochemical Testing ๐Ÿ’‰๐Ÿ”ฌ๐Ÿงซ

Dr.Shaimaa Sami Albanna ๐Ÿ’ž

ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุตู„ู‘ู ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุญู…ู„ ู‡ู…ู‘ู†ุง ูˆ ุฏุนุง ู„ู†ุง ูˆ ุจูƒู‰ ุดูˆู‚ู‹ุง ุฅู„ูŠู†ุง ๐Ÿคฒโค๏ธู…ุชู†ุณูˆุด ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ุณูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ู ูˆ ูƒุซุฑุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชุบูุงุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„...
02/01/2026

ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุตู„ู‘ู ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุญู…ู„ ู‡ู…ู‘ู†ุง ูˆ ุฏุนุง ู„ู†ุง ูˆ ุจูƒู‰ ุดูˆู‚ู‹ุง ุฅู„ูŠู†ุง ๐Ÿคฒโค๏ธ
ู…ุชู†ุณูˆุด ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ุณูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ู ูˆ ูƒุซุฑุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชุบูุงุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…
ุฌู…ุนุฉ ู…ุจุงุฑูƒุฉ ๐ŸŒท
ุฏ . ุดูŠู…ุงุก ุณุงู…ูŠ ุงู„ุจู†ุง ๐Ÿ’ž

We will open the new book๐ŸŽˆIts pagesare blank๐ŸŽ‰We are going to put wordson them ourselves๐ŸŽThe book is called Opportunity a...
31/12/2025

We will open the new book๐ŸŽˆIts pages
are blank๐ŸŽ‰We are going to put words
on them ourselves๐ŸŽThe book is called Opportunity and its first chapter is New Yearโ€™s Day ๐ŸŽˆ๐ŸŽ‰๐ŸŽ

HAPPY NEW YEAR ๐ŸŽ๐ŸŽ‰๐ŸŽˆ

Dr. Shaimaa Sami Albanna ๐Ÿ’ž

A case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ALL , in a 50 year old female with hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy ๐Ÿ’‰Dr. S...
30/12/2025

A case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ALL , in a 50 year old female with hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy ๐Ÿ’‰

Dr. Shaimaa Sami Albanna ๐Ÿ’ž

Burr Cells or Echinocytes ๐Ÿ’‰๐Ÿ”ฌEchinocytes (burr cells) have multiple short, blunt projections evenly spaced over the cell ...
28/12/2025

Burr Cells or Echinocytes ๐Ÿ’‰๐Ÿ”ฌ

Echinocytes (burr cells) have multiple short, blunt projections evenly spaced over the cell surface.

The central pallor is retained.

Echinocytes can be seen in uremic patients.

They can also be seen as an artifact of slide preparation or prolonged specimen storage

Dr. Shaimaa Sami Albanna ๐Ÿ’ž

Stomatocytes ๐Ÿ’‰The rod-shaped appearance of the central pallor is characteristic of a stomatocyte.This image was obtained...
27/12/2025

Stomatocytes ๐Ÿ’‰

The rod-shaped appearance of the central pallor is characteristic of a stomatocyte.

This image was obtained from the peripheral blood smear of an 86 year-old male who presented with pancytopenia and later diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome.

Stomatocytes are found in hereditary spherocytosis, in exposure to certain drugs and as an artifact from improperly prepared peripheral blood smears.

In this case, with only a few (less than ten percent) of the red blood cells affected their presence may be considered an artifact of preparation.

Dr. Shaimaa Sami Albanna ๐Ÿ’ž

Immature granulocytes & mature neutrophil count ๐Ÿ’‰๐Ÿ”ฌDr. Shaimaa Sami Albanna ๐Ÿ’ž
26/12/2025

Immature granulocytes & mature neutrophil count ๐Ÿ’‰๐Ÿ”ฌ

Dr. Shaimaa Sami Albanna ๐Ÿ’ž

An unbelievable case of purple urine!! A 76-year-old male nursing home resident with dementia and end-stage renal diseas...
24/12/2025

An unbelievable case of purple urine!!

A 76-year-old male nursing home resident with dementia and end-stage renal disease who was undergoing hemodialysis was admitted to the hospital after a syncopal episode that occurred during dialysis.Torsades de pointes was noted on telemetry monitoring.
When a urinary catheter was placed, purple urine was drained. The patient had no fever, lower urinary tract symptoms, or leukocytosis.
The urinalysis showed a pH of 9.0 and bacteriuria but no hematuria or pyuria.
The urine culture showed 105 colony-forming units or more per milliliter for both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterococcus species.
Over the next 3 days, the urine gradually became yellow and clear, in the absence of antibiotic treatment.
Purple discoloration can occur in alkaline urine as a result of the degradation of indoxyl sulfate (indican), a metabolite of dietary tryptophan, into indigo (which is blue) and indirubin (which is red) by bacteria such as Providencia stuartii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, P.aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and enterococcus species.
The clinical course is benign, and the urine typically clears with resolution of the bacteriuria and acidification of the urine.
This patient had no further episodes of torsades de pointes and returned to the nursing home in stable condition.

Dr. Shaimaa Sami Albanna ๐Ÿ’ž

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia , CML(A) Myeloblasts(B) Neutrophilic Myelocyte(C) Neutrophilic Metamyelocyte(D) Band neutro...
22/12/2025

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia , CML

(A) Myeloblasts
(B) Neutrophilic Myelocyte
(C) Neutrophilic Metamyelocyte
(D) Band neutrophil
(E) Basophil

Dr. Shaimaa Sami Albanna ๐Ÿ’ž

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`Arab El-Sheikh Zeid
SHEIKHZAYEDCITY

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