27/02/2026
EL ERROR CONCEPTUAL EN LA IMPLANTOLOGÍA MODERNA
IMPLANTOLOGÍA MODERNA
La vascularización no depende del flapless.
El hueso alveolar recibe su principal irrigación desde el sistema endóstico, no exclusivamente
desde el periostio. La elevación de un colgajo correctamente realizada no compromete la
supervivencia ósea. Lo que determina el destino del hueso no es el acceso quirúrgico, sino la
forma en que las cargas se distribuyen
posteriormente.
No existe osteotomía sin substracción.
Toda osteotomía implica eliminación y remodelado óseo. No existe técnica capaz de evitar este proceso.
La diferencia real aparece cuando el implante entra en función y el hueso es sometido a cargas repetidas.
El diámetro no determina la preservación ósea.
Reducir el diámetro reduce la superficie funcional. Cuando la superficie disminuye, el estés aumenta.
El hueso no percibe el marketing ni el diseño nominal. Percibe únicamente la carga que debe soportar.
La compresión no es una solución universal.
La compresión fisiológica puede mejorar la estabilidad inicial, pero la compresión
excesiva provoca necrosis. El objetivo no es comprimir más, sino distribuir mejor las fuerzas
La oseointegración no garantiza la supervivencia.
La oseointegración es solo el inicio. El hueso trabecular posee un módulo elástico hasta mil
veces inferior al titanio. Cuando la carga supera su capacidad fisiológica, el hueso se reabsorbe progresivamente.
La bioimplantología es biomecánica aplicada
La supervivencia implantaria depende de la distribución del estrés en el tejido vivo.
Comprender este principio transforma la implantología en una disciplina basada en
ciencia y no en dogma.
Dr. Antonio Rey Gil
Bioimplantología
————-
Bioimplantología
Fuentes fundamentales
1. Frost HM.
Bone “mass” and the mechanostat: a proposal.
Anatomical Record. 1987.
2. Eriksson AR, Albrektsson T.
Temperature threshold levels for heat-induced bone tissue injury.
Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1983.
3. Davies JE.
Understanding peri-implant endosseous healing.
Journal of Dental Education. 2003.
4. Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Lang NP, Lindhe J.
De novo alveolar bone formation adjacent to endosseous implants.
Clinical Oral Implants Research. 2003.
Flap vs flapless surgery (no superioridad biológica absoluta)
5. Jeong SM et al.
Flapless implant surgery: an experimental study.
Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology Endodontology. 2007.
6. Bashutski JD, Wang HL.
Flapless surgery for dental implants.
Journal of Periodontology. 2007.
7. Lin GH et al.
Flapless vs flap surgery for implant placement: systematic review.
Journal of Periodontology. 2014.
8. Eriksson RA, Albrektsson T.
Heat-induced bone necrosis during drilling.
Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1984.
9. Trisi P, Rao W.
Bone classification: clinical-histologic comparison.
Clinical Oral Implants Research. 1999.
10. Roberts WE et al.
Bone physiology and metabolism related to implant dentistry.
Implant Dentistry.
11. Misch CE.
Contemporary Implant Dentistry.
Mosby, 3rd edition.
12. Chun HJ et al.
Influence of implant design on stress distribution.
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2002.
13. Himmlová L et al.
Influence of implant diameter on stress distribution.
Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.
Módulo elástico y mismatch titanio-hueso
14. Natali AN et al.
Dental implant biomechanics.
Medical Engineering & Physics. 2006.
15. Rho JY et al.
Mechanical properties of trabecular and cortical bone.
Journal of Biomechanics. 1993.
16. Frost HM.
Wolff’s law and bone structural adaptations.
Orthopedic Clinics of North America. 1987.
17. Rubin CT, Lanyon LE.
Regulation of bone formation by mechanical strain.
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 1984
18. Trisi P et al.
Implant micromotion and bone density.
Clinical Oral Implants Research. 2009.
19. Javed F, Romanos GE.
The role of primary stability in implant success.
Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research. 2010.
20. Wennerberg A, Albrektsson T.
Effects of titanium surface topography on bone integration.
Clinical Oral Implants Research. 2009.
Misch CE. Bone density: a key determinant for implant success.
Contemporary Implant Dentistry.
“La supervivencia implantaria depende no solo de la oseointegración, sino de la capacidad del hueso para soportar las cargas mecánicas dentro de su rango fisiológico de deformación.”
(basado en Frost, Misch, Rubin & Lanyon)
Dr . Antonio Rey Gil
Bioimplantology
CONCEPTUAL ERRORS IN MODERN IMPLANTOLOGY
MODERN IMPLANTOLOGY
Vascularization does not depend on the flapless technique.
The alveolar bone receives its main blood supply from the endosteal system, not exclusively from the periosteum. A properly performed flap elevation does not compromise bone survival. What determines the fate of the bone is not the surgical access, but rather how the loads are subsequently distributed.
There is no osteotomy without bone subtraction.
Every osteotomy involves bone removal and remodeling. No technique can avoid this process.
The real difference appears when the implant becomes functional and the bone is subjected to repeated loads.
The diameter does not determine bone preservation.
Reducing the diameter reduces the functional surface area. When the surface area decreases, stress increases.
Bone does not perceive marketing or nominal design. It only perceives the load it must bear.
Compression is not a universal solution.
Physiological compression can improve initial stability, but excessive compression causes necrosis. The goal is not to compress more, but to better distribute forces.
Osseointegration does not guarantee survival.
Osseointegration is only the beginning. Trabecular bone has an elastic modulus up to a thousand times lower than titanium. When the load exceeds its physiological capacity, the bone is progressively resorbed.
Bioimplantology is applied biomechanics.
Implant survival depends on the distribution of stress in living tissue.
Understanding this principle transforms implantology into a discipline based on science, not dogma.
Dr. Antonio Rey Gil
Bioimplantology
————-
Bioimplantology
Key Sources
1. Frost HM.
Bone “mass” and the mechanostat: a proposal.
Anatomical Record. 1987.
2. Eriksson AR, Albrektsson T.
Temperature threshold levels for heat-induced bone tissue injury.
Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1983.
3. Davies JE.
Understanding peri-implant endosseous healing.
Journal of Dental Education. 2003.
4. Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Lang NP, Lindhe J.
De novo alveolar bone formation adjacent to endosseous implants.
Clinical Oral Implants Research. 2003.
Flap vs flapless surgery (not absolute biological superiority)
5. Jeong SM et al.
Flapless implant surgery: an experimental study.
Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology Endodontology. 2007.
6. Bashutski JD, Wang HL.
Flapless surgery for dental implants.
Journal of Periodontology. 2007.
7. Lin GH et al.
Flapless vs flap surgery for implant placement: systematic review.
Journal of Periodontology. 2014.
8. Eriksson RA, Albrektsson T.
Heat-induced bone necrosis during drilling.
Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1984.
9. Trisi P, Rao W.
Bone classification: clinical-histologic comparison.
Clinical Oral Implants Research. 1999.
10. Roberts WE et al.
Bone physiology and metabolism related to implant dentistry.
Implant Dentistry.
11. Misch CE.
Contemporary Implant Dentistry.
Mosby, 3rd edition.
12. Chun HJ et al.
Influence of implant design on stress distribution.
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2002.
13. Himmlová L et al.
Influence of implant diameter on stress distribution.
Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.
Elastic modulus and titanium-bone mismatch
14. Natali AN et al.
Dental implant biomechanics.
Medical Engineering & Physics. 2006.
15. Rho JY et al.
Mechanical properties of trabecular and cortical bone.
Journal of Biomechanics. 1993.
16. Frost HM.
Wolff’s law and bone structural adaptations.
Orthopedic Clinics of North America. 1987.
17. Rubin CT, Lanyon LE.
Regulation of bone formation by mechanical strain.
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 1984
18. Trisi P et al.
Implant micromotion and bone density.
Clinical Oral Implants Research. 2009.
19. Javed F, Romanos GE.
The role of primary stability in implant success.
Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research. 2010.
20. Wennerberg A, Albrektsson T.
Effects of titanium surface topography on bone integration.
Clinical Oral Implants Research. 2009.
Misch CE. Bone density: a key determinant for implant success.
Contemporary Implant Dentistry.
“Implant survival depends not only on osseointegration, but also on the bone's capacity to withstand mechanical loads within its physiological range of deformation.”
(based on Frost, Misch, Rubin & Lanyon)
Dr. Antonio Rey Gil
Bioimplantology