15/01/2026
How Natural Spaces Nurture the Brain
Treetops sway gently overhead, sunlight dancing between lush foliage. A soft breeze caresses your face as you breathe deeply. You are enjoying Shinrin-yoku, or a “forest bath.” The brainchild of the Japanese Ministry of Forestry, forest bathing began as part of a 1982 campaign to get people back to nature. The practice harkens to nature-based healing tradition spanning centuries and across cultures. Now, scientists are exploring just how nature nurtures our brains.
Exposure to green spaces, like forests, parks, and grasslands, and to blue spaces, including rivers, oceans, seas, and lakes, is associated with reductions in anxiety and depression and improvements to overall well-being, as documented by an 18-country survey conducted and funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program.
“The most consistent finding internationally is that spending recreational time in safe, natural spaces helps to reduce negative emotions and induce positive ones,” explains lead author and environmental psychologist Mathew White. Using the World Health Organization’s 5-item well-being index (WHO-5) and other indicators such as anti-anxiety and anti-depressant prescriptions, White’s team, as part of the BlueHealth Initiative, compared overall well-being to green and blue space exposure. “That has all sorts of positive spin-offs like [reducing] rumination,” the negative and repetitive thought loops characteristic of stress and other mental disorders.
“Depression, anxiety, anger, confusion, and fatigue are all psychological states that have benefited from green and blue space,” says forensic psychiatrist Melissa Piasecki. She explains while the Profile of Mood States (POMS), which White’s BlueHealth Initiative survey deployed, records subjective accounts, scientific advances provide new ways to objectively measure what’s happening in the brain. “We now have windows to gain insight into the psychological benefits of nature. We have biomarkers.”
Scientists are exploring the mental health benefits of taking in green and blue spaces in our environment.