02/03/2026
On identifying orthopaedic pathology such as arthritis in your horse’s back
Recently I saw the question raised of « how can animal osteopaths identify osteoarthritis when the joints of the horse’s back sit 10cm below the surface? »
So let’s talk about it.
During an assessment and through the session, your practitioner will use a series of test, both palpatory and mobility, to assess movement, texture and comfort of a joint.
This involves moving the joint, either by positioning your hands as close as possible to said joint, or by using other structures to move the joint, for example lifting a hind limb to mobilise the lumbar spine or pushing on the rib cage to move the thoracic spine.
So there are several ways that we can move and feel for the mobility and deeper joints. With this we can assess quantity of movement, so how much each joint moves in each direction, and compare this with the rest of the body and put this in correlation with equine bodies in general. With enough practice you will know what kind of movement you might expect from different ages, breeds, work level and so on.
But with these techniques you also learn to assess quality of movement, and this is where suspicions of further pathology can come in.
A healthy joint, even if restricted, has a certain quality to its movement. There’s a bit of elasticity at the end of the movement, the horse is usually fairly comfortable and so on.
But with an area that has « bony changes », wether that’s kissing spine, arthritis or other, not only will the quality of the joint feel different, the comfort of the patient will be clearly poor.
Each horse has their own way of responding to pain, but testing the mobility of joints is usually a good way of knowing is something more serious might be going on.
In « grey » cases, where there is a pain response but it’s mild, your practitioner will most likely rely on the response of the tissue to the session. If there is improvement, then we might still be ok and the pain could have been caused not by bony changes but by tissular inflammation, muscle spasm or other. If we stagnate and the pain response stays the same, then we potentially have some changes in the bones and cartilage and it will be worth to get a vet’s opinion on the area.
Because we can’t know if these changes would be kissing spine, arthritis or something else, and if the pain response isn’t changing then chances are your horse will need veterinary support. All we can do is point it out, have a conversation with you and advise to have your vet investigate the area.
So now you know. We’re not magiciens and we don’t have x ray eyes, but by developing a good sense of feel in our hands and by paying attention (and respecting) the feedback from your horse, we’re able to identify potential problem areas and redirect you to your vet.
Note that, because pain is a subjective experience, different horses have different pain threshold and so things might still be missed with very stoic horses, or be non pathological with very sensitive ones. But our job is to observe and advise so that we all know how to best take care of your horse 🐴