23/01/2026
🚶♂️ Trendelenburg Gait – A Complete Biomechanical Explanation
Trendelenburg gait is a classic abnormal walking pattern that reflects hip abductor dysfunction, most commonly involving the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus. Although it appears as a simple pelvic drop during walking, the underlying biomechanics involve complex interactions between muscles, joints, and the entire kinetic chain.
⚙️ Normal Single-Leg Stance Biomechanics
During the stance phase of gait, body weight is supported on one leg while the opposite leg swings forward. In normal mechanics, the hip abductors of the stance leg contract to stabilize the pelvis, keeping it level. This allows efficient load transfer from the trunk to the lower limb without excessive stress on the spine or hip joint.
🔻 Pelvic Drop – The Key Feature
In Trendelenburg gait, the hip abductors on the stance side are weak, inhibited, or painful. As a result, they cannot counteract the downward pull of gravity on the swing side. This causes the pelvis to drop on the contralateral side, which is the hallmark sign of this gait pattern.
↔️ Compensatory Trunk Lurch
To reduce the demand on the weak hip abductors, the body compensates by leaning the trunk toward the affected side. This trunk lurch shifts the center of mass closer to the hip joint, reducing the moment arm and muscular effort required. While this strategy decreases hip joint load temporarily, it introduces abnormal forces elsewhere in the body.
🦴 Joint Loading & Energy Cost
Biomechanically, Trendelenburg gait increases compressive forces at the hip joint and alters force transmission through the lumbar spine and sacroiliac joints. The altered alignment also increases energy expenditure, making walking less efficient and more fatiguing over time.
🧠 Muscle Imbalance & Kinetic Chain Effects
Weakness of the gluteus medius often coexists with poor core stability, altered pelvic control, and abnormal foot mechanics. These issues can propagate upward and downward, contributing to low back pain, hip impingement, knee valgus, and foot overpronation.
🩺 Clinical & Rehabilitation Perspective
Effective management of Trendelenburg gait focuses on restoring hip abductor strength, neuromuscular control, and pelvic stability. Addressing contributing factors such as hip joint pathology, leg-length discrepancy, and foot mechanics is essential for long-term correction rather than compensation.
📌 Key Biomechanical Insight
Trendelenburg gait is not just a hip problem—it is a whole-body movement dysfunction. The visible pelvic drop and trunk lean are protective strategies that signal deeper issues in strength, control, and alignment.