European Thyroid Journal

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European Thyroid Journal

The official journal of the European Thyroid Association, publishing basic, translational and clinical thyroidology.

The European Thyroid Journal publishes papers reporting original research in basic, translational and clinical thyroidology. Original contributions cover all aspects of the field, from molecular and cellular biology to immunology and biochemistry, from physiology to pathology, and from pediatric to adult thyroid diseases with a special focus on thyroid cancer. Readers also benefit from reviews by noted experts, which highlight especially active areas of current research. The journal will further publish formal guidelines in the field, produced and endorsed by the European Thyroid Association.

24/03/2026

Amiodarone‑induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) is a serious complication of amiodarone therapy, and becomes increasingly challenging when conventional medical therapies fail in refractory cases.

In a new case series, Michelle Maher et al. describe four cases of severe refractory AIT where therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was used in preparation of thyroidectomy. TPE produced variable biochemical effects, with all patients proceeding to successful thyroidectomy and post-operative euthyroidism.

Their observations reinforce TPE as a useful adjunct in selected cases of refractory AIT, while emphasising that thyroidectomy should not be delayed in pursuit of complete thyroid hormone normalisation.

Read the full article: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0351

17/03/2026

🧠 Fatigue is one of the most disabling symptoms for many people with Graves’ disease, and for some, it persists long after thyroid hormone levels have normalised.

A new article by Karin Tammelin et al. proposes a hypothesis, supported by preclinical evidence, that autoimmune‑driven inflammation may lead to astrocyte dysfunction and impaired neuronal signalling, contributing to the cognitive, sensory, and emotional symptoms patients describe as profound brain fatigue.

The paper aims to make brain fatigue syndrome identifiable to clinicians & patients, outline potential treatment directions and highlight current knowledge gaps. The article calls for further investigation using advanced biochemical methods, metabolomics, and human imaging to clarify the pathophysiology, and emphasise the importance of supporting patients living with persistent fatigue to improve their quality of life.

Read the full article: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0172

10/03/2026

Routine calcitonin (CT) measurement in the diagnostic work‑up of thyroid nodular disease remains a highly debated topic. Current European and American guidelines do not endorse its routine use in patients without a family history of hereditary tumour syndromes associated with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC).

A new study by Daniele Ceruti et al. evaluates, for the first time, two reference cohorts of patients with sporadic MTC treated at tertiary referral centres in two European countries - Italy, where routine CT measurement is included in the diagnostic work‑up, and the Netherlands, where it is not.

By comparing clinical presentation and outcomes between these two cohorts, the study provides real‑world insight into the impact of differing diagnostic strategies.

📄 Read the article: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0381

03/03/2026

👁️‍🗨️ What’s Changed in Thyroid Eye Disease Over the Last Five Years?

A new review by Mario Salvi highlights the significant progress that has been made in the management of thyroid eye disease (TED), attributed to the elucidation of important pathogenic mechanisms and the development of new therapeutics validated in randomised clinical trials.

The review summarises the latest insights across four key areas:
- Clinical assessment
- Targeted therapy
- The role of gut microbiome
- Artificial intelligence

Read the full review: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0363

25/02/2026

A new expert commentary by Leonidas H Duntas explores the findings of the GRASS trial - a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study evaluating whether selenium (Se) supplementation can enhance remission rates and improve quality of life in patients with Graves’ disease (GD).

The commentary delves into the distinct pathogenic mechanisms and molecular profiles of GD and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). It also highlights the distinct actions of Se in modulating autoimmune thyroid disease.

🔬 Read the full commentary: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-26-0009
📊 Explore the GRASS trial: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0264

17/02/2026

A new study by Jiao Wang et al. uses network toxicology to predict molecular initiators involved in monoethyl phthalate-induced thyroid cancer.

The full integrated analysis uncovered new insights into the potential mechanistic link between monoehyl phthalate and thyroid cancer, nominating a set of candidate genes including ESR1, SKP2, CASP8, ARNT, and CDKN1B as key mediators.

Read the research: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0198

13/02/2026

New Special Collection
Less is More: De-escalation in Thyroid Cancer Management

Our latest special collection highlights the current state, future directions, and challenges of de-escalation strategies in thyroid cancer management, helping to redefine optimal, patient‑centered care in thyroid oncology.

The Collection Editors invite high-quality reviews and original research articles addressing key aspects of this evolving field.

Topics of interest include:
- Active surveillance for low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma
- The shift from total thyroidectomy to lobectomy for selected papillary and medullary thyroid cancers
- Reconsideration of indications for completion thyroidectomy
- Refinement of lymph node dissection strategies
- Narrowing of indications for adjuvant radioactive iodine therapy
- Development and application of minimally invasive interventions such as thermal ablation

📩 To submit a proposal or for more information, email etj@bioscientifica.com

Collection Editors: Prof. Iwao Sugitani, Prof. Dana M. Hartl, Prof. Louise Davies

10/02/2026

New research by Jinyoung Kim et al. evaluates the clinical applicability of an AI model, AI‑Thyroid, for thyroid nodules with atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) cytology.

A total of 165 thyroid nodules were analysed from patients who underwent fine‑needle aspiration across five medical institutions in Korea. In binary classification tasks, the model achieved:
♦ Sensitivity: 0.91
♦ Negative predictive value: 0.87
♦ AUC (based on estinated malignancy risk): 0.75 (95% CI: 0.68–0.83)
♦ AUC (derived from K‑TIRADS categories 2–5): 0.76 (95% CI: 0.69–0.83)

These results indicate comparable diagnostic accuracy to traditional scoring systems, suggesting that AI‑assisted ultrasound analysis could provide valuable supplementary diagnostic insight to support decision‑making, especially for small, low‑risk thyroid nodules.

🔗 Read the open‑access article: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0268

03/02/2026

Paediatric and young adult differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) often presents at an advanced stage but still carries a good prognosis. While age‑related genomic differences compared with adult DTC are recognised, it remains unclear whether outcomes are primarily driven by age or tumour biology.

In a new multi‑institutional study, Sule Canberk et al. analyse 363 patients aged 0–25 years to assess the independent association between canonical somatic driver alterations and disease status at last clinical follow-up.

Read the full research: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0310

27/01/2026

New research by Jean-Guillaume Marchand et al. shows that EU‑TIRADS 4 nodules with back‑wall cystic figures (BWCF) have a lower malignancy risk than EU‑TIRADS 4 nodules without BWCF. Additionally, the study found that BWCF correlates with benign (Bethesda II) cytology, whereas indeterminate (Bethesda III–IV) cytology was more frequent when BWCF were absent.

These findings reinforce the importance of distinguishing BWCF from other hyperechoic foci to improve risk stratification and reduce unnecessary fine-needle aspirations.

Read the article: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0243

23/01/2026

How valuable is the microRNA‑based molecular test (mir‑THYpe full) in improving diagnostic accuracy and avoiding unnecessary surgeries for indeterminate thyroid nodules?

Eduarda Gregorio Arnaut Lima et al. have conducted the first external, independent, prospective, real‑world, observational, and non‑interventional validation study of this molecular classifier.

In total, 256 patients with Bethesda III/IV nodules were analysed. The study found that the mir‑THYpe full molecular test supported 95.5% of clinical decisions when negative and 89.8% when positive, reducing surgery rates by 79.5%.

Read the full research: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0105

16/01/2026

💫 Professor Hanneke van Santen is a leading paediatric endocrinologist and professor at Universiteit Utrecht (Utrecht University), highly specialised in the endocrine consequences of childhood cancer treatment and paediatric thyroid cancer.

Her research focuses on protecting healthy endocrine development in children during and after cancer therapy, with particular interest in safeguarding thyroid function to support normal growth and long‑term wellbeing.

We are delighted to have her as a Collection Editor for the European Thyroid Journal’s Special Collection: Current Approaches and Challenging Issues in Paediatric Thyroid Carcinoma.

📢 Be part of the collection and help advance the future of paediatric thyroidology: https://etj.bioscientifica.com/page/paediatric-thyroid-carcinoma%20/current-approaches-and-challenging-issues-in-paediatric-thyroid-carcinoma

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