19/03/2026
Is more tutoring needed or is there another reason why academic performance is struggling? - Primitive Reflexes and school performance
This study looked at whether young children still have certain early-life reflexes (called primitive reflexes) and whether these might be linked to how well they do at school. The researchers worked with 53 children aged 5–7 (kindergarten and first grade) and tested both their reflexes and their cognitive abilities.
They found that every child had at least one retained reflex, with the most common being STNR and ATNR. Boys tended to show more of these reflexes than girls, although this difference was only clearly significant for one reflex (ATNR on the right side).
For boys, there was a moderate link between having retained reflexes (especially ATNR) and lower performance in several school-related areas. For girls, the results were less clear and varied depending on the group.
Overall, the findings suggest that retained primitive reflexes might play a role in some children’s learning and academic performance, supporting earlier research. However, because results aren’t always consistent, the study highlights the need for more research to help therapists make confident, evidence-based decisions.
Feldhacker, DR et al. (2022) The correlation between retained primitive reflexes and scholastic performance among early elementary students. Journal of Occupational
Therapy, Schools and Early Intervention 15(3):288-301.