27/08/2025
Masking and Burnout in ADHD: What You Need to Know
What is Masking?
Masking refers to the act of hiding or suppressing one's natural behaviours, thoughts, or feelings in order to fit in with societal expectations.
For people with ADHD masking can mean putting effort into appearing more "neurotypical" for example, staying still when their body wants to fidget, forcing eye contact, rehearsing conversations in advance, or overcompensating in work or social situations.
Masking is often done unconsciously and begins early in life, especially when someone has learned that their natural traits are seen as "too much", "disruptive", or "wrong". Over time, this effort to appear "normal" can be mentally and emotionally exhausting.
Why Do People With ADHD Mask?
People with ADHD may mask for several reasons:
To avoid judgement or criticism from peers, teachers, or colleagues.
To fit in socially and avoid feeling isolated.
To meet expectations in school, the workplace, or family life.
To protect themselves from discrimination or ableism.
Masking can be a coping strategy, especially in environments that do not understand or accommodate neurodivergent needs. However, it often comes at a high personal cost.
What is burnout and how is it different for neurodivergent people?
Burnout, in general, refers to a state of physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion caused by prolonged stress or overwork. While anyone can experience burnout, neurodivergent people (including those with ADHD or autism) experience it differently and often more intensely.
For neurodivergent individuals, burnout can be the result of:
Constant masking and self-monitoring.
Sensory overload, where the environment becomes overwhelming.
Executive dysfunction, leading to struggles with organisation, time management, and daily tasks, all while trying to "keep up".
Lack of appropriate support or accommodations in work, education, or social settings.
Neurodivergent burnout can lead to a sudden or gradual loss of functioning where even basic tasks like getting dressed, speaking, or making decisions can feel impossible. It may last for days, weeks, or even months.
Why This Matters
Understanding masking and burnout is crucial for creating inclusive environments. Many people with ADHD spend years masking without realising it, only to later experience burnout that is misunderstood or misdiagnosed.
By recognising the signs and impacts of masking, we can begin to build a society that values neurodivergent experiences one where people don't feel the need to hide who they are in order to be accepted.