01/06/2025
Should Runners Train Heavy in the Gym?
Yes, and here’s what the research supports.
Improved Running Economy
Strength training with heavy loads (three to six repetitions at 80 percent or more of one-repetition max) has been shown to improve running economy, meaning runners use less oxygen at a given pace. This is particularly beneficial for distance runners looking to improve performance (Støren et al., 2008; Beattie et al., 2017).
Strength Without Size
Heavy lifting in low reps targets neuromuscular efficiency rather than muscle hypertrophy. This allows runners to increase strength without adding mass, which can be counterproductive for endurance.
Lower Injury Risk
Heavy strength training enhances muscle and tendon stiffness, particularly in the Achilles and patellar tendons, improving load tolerance and reducing risk of overuse injuries (Laursen et al., 2003).
Improved Power and Speed
Maximal strength training improves stride mechanics, reduces ground contact time, and enhances sprint capacity. These adaptations are useful not just for sprinters but for distance runners who rely on strong finishes and uphill running.
If You Are New to Strength Training
• Start with bodyweight movements to build motor control
• Focus on foundational lifts: squats, deadlifts, lunges, calf raises
• Use moderate weight (eight to 10 reps) for the first few weeks
• Progress gradually to heavier loads
• Consider professional guidance to ensure proper form and load progression
Training Guidelines for Runners
• Two sessions per week during the off-season; reduce to once per week in-season
• Main lifts: squats, deadlifts, step-ups, calf raises
• Three to five sets of three to six reps at 80 - 90% 1RM
• Two to three minutes of rest between sets
• Prioritise good form and adequate recovery
Bottom Line
Heavy strength training is supported by strong evidence for runners. It improves efficiency, resilience, and power without compromising endurance. Begin with control, progress with purpose, and lift with intent.