
02/09/2025
I've been reading a fascinating book over the summer by evolutionary biologist Dr. Deena Emera. One of the many topics that sparked a "well, this makes so much sense" moment for me was her discussion of research explaining why many women in the west experience the notorious symptoms during the life stages of perimenopause and menopause—such as hot flushes, weight gain, and brain fog.
Looking around the globe, rates of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis & obesity (diseases where rates increase in menopause) differ in different cultures & societies. Women in hunter-gatherer & more traditional populations hardly experience these diseases or symptoms compared to women in the West.
Japanese women experience menopause so differently from Western women that their language had no word for hot flushes. Only 25-50% of Japanese women report hot flushes compared to 75% in the West. Japanese women also enjoy significantly lower rates of heart disease, osteoporosis & breast cancer after menopause, while maintaining the world's longest life expectancy.
Chinese women present another striking example, particularly how their experiences vary by lifestyle: rural Chinese women who maintain traditional farming practices report fewer symptoms than urban professionals. This is a fascinating concept Emera presents - how diet & lifestyle practices across reproductive years correlates to the degree of symptoms & diseases experienced in the menopause transition decades & it’s all centred around oestrogen levels.
Hunter-gatherer & traditional population women:
Have multiple pregnancies & Breastfeed for longer
Move more consistently
Eat high levels of fibre
All of which lower oestrogen levels, thereby sustaining lower baseline oestrogen levels throughout their reproductive years compared to Western women. If we prime the body to expect higher levels at the receptor level, it stands to reason that when levels drop during late-stage perimenopause, the withdrawal symptoms are going to be worse!
This evolutionary mismatch theory suggests our modern lifestyle may be intensifying menopausal symptoms by creating a greater hormonal "drop" than our bodies evolved to handle. Fascinating!