20/03/2026
Loving the neuroscience focus this morning at the EMDR U.K. Conference in Bristol. Nick Adams opened with a really clear and clinically useful exploration of the neurobiology of fear.
A particularly helpful frame was the balance between glutamate and GABA. Glutamate drives the brain’s alarm system and helps encode threat, while GABA supports calming and regulation once danger has passed. Trauma can disrupt this balance, leaving the system stuck in a state of ongoing threat.
EMDR appears to work with this system by gently activating traumatic memory while also supporting regulation. Rather than reinforcing a narrative retelling of the trauma, it shifts processing into a more experiential mode.
Bilateral stimulation may play a key role here, occupying the brain’s usual defensive responses and reducing avoidance or over engagement. This creates the conditions for processing to continue without becoming overwhelming.
At the same time, there are changes in how the cortex and amygdala communicate, with a reduction in the intensity of glutamate driven activation. This allows the memory to be processed with greater regulation, rather than remaining in a heightened state of threat.
A powerful reminder that EMDR is not about removing activation, but about supporting the brain to process experience with both activation and regulation online, so that what was once overwhelming can be integrated and recognised as being in the past.