Medical Diagnosis

14/08/2025

This book is very informative and practical. With it, interpretation of ABG becomes simplified.

Mastering Arterial Blood Gases in Emergency Medicine: A Practical Guide Navigate Critical Decisions with Confidence In the high-stakes environment of the emergency department, rapid, accurate diagnosis is paramount. The Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) is an indispensable diagnostic tool, yet its complex...

05/01/2025

A 48-year-old old man presented with lightheadednes after been started on Clarithromycin antibiotics for chest infection. His blood investigations show hypokalaemia and his ECG is shown below.
[a]. What does the ECG show?

03/01/2025

A 55 year-old man woke up 3 hours ago with severe crushing left sided chest pain. His ECG is shown below.
[a]. What is your diagnosis?
[b]. What is the initial treatment?
[c]. What is the definitive treatment?

22/12/2024

This 85 year-old lady presented with new onset headache, confusion and weakness of his right side of the body. A non-contrast CT head scan was done and shown below.
[a]. What is your diagnosis?
[b]. What is your next line of investigation?
[c]. What is your next action?

23/09/2024

A 78year-old man presented with man calls emergency medical services 999 with sudden palpitations and lightheadedness. He is brought to the emergency department, where his blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg. His pulse is rapid and a 12-lead ECG is obtained. What does an ECG reveal about the cause?

25/08/2024

I read this article and it was rewarding.

22/06/2024

A 57-year old man presented with an extraoral, huge fungating mass over the left chin region and a nonhealing ulcer over the left lower front of the jaw region over 20 months. What is the most likely diagnosis?

01/05/2024

A 25-year-old man was brought into resuscitation unit with penetrating abdominal wound.
[a]. Why is there a different approach to stab and gunshot wounds?
[b]. What is the secondary survey for a penetrating abdominal wound?
[c]. What are the indications for prompt laparotomy in patients with stab wounds?
[d]. What are the indications for immediate laparotomy in patients with gunshot wounds?
[e]. When is emergency department thoracotomy indicated for a penetrating abdominal wound?

28/04/2024

A 36-year-old lady presented with a 2-day history of painful skin rash with blisters on the right side of her face. She had a history of receiving treatment for ulcerative colitis for 2 years. Erythema and edema was noted over the right face, including the cheek, upper eyelid and forehead. Multiple crusted blisters were found on the right face, including the tip of the nose.
[a]. What sign is demonstrated?
[b]. What is the diagnosis?

20/04/2024

A 76-year-old lady diagnosed with congestive cardiac failure two years prior presented with worsening shortness of breath and bilateral leg swelling. A cardiovascular examination revealed a raised jugular venous pulsation, displaced apex beat, muffled heart sounds, a pan-systolic murmur heard loudest at the mitral region with radiation to the axilla and mid inspiratory crepitations over the lung bases. She also has pitting oedema till the level of the mid-shin. A chest radiograph was done and revealed a very massive symmetrical cardio pericardial silhouette, as shown below..
[a]. What is the sign demonstrated on the Chest X-ray?
[b]. What is the diagnosis?
[c]. What is the treatment?

16/04/2024

A 25-year-old man presents to the emergency department with severe right lower quadrant abdominal pain and abdominal bloating and distension. The patient notes intermittent mild diarrhea for the past 8 to 10 months with abdominal pain and low-grade fevers at 37.8⁰C..
[a].How do you distinguish Crohn's disease from Ulcerative colitis?
[b]. What are the major radiologic differences between the two diseases?
[c]. What are the major histologic differences between the two diseases?

12/04/2024

This lateral radiograph of the skull shows widening of the diploic space, thinning of the inner and outer tables of the skull, and an overall hair-on-end sign.
[a]. What is the diagnosis?
[b]. In what other conditions can it be found?