06/05/2026
CRPS: when your nervous system gets stuck in emergency mode
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome is one of the most misunderstood and underdiagnosed pain conditions we see. It usually starts after what seems like a fairly ordinary injury, a fracture, a surgery, even a sprain. But instead of the pain settling as the tissue heals, it escalates.
The nervous system effectively gets locked into a state of alarm, amplifying pain signals far beyond what the original injury would ever justify.
The symptoms go well beyond pain. We often see burning sensations, extreme sensitivity to even light touch, swelling, changes in skin colour and temperature, and abnormal sweating in the affected limb. In later stages the skin can become shiny and cool, and muscle weakness or dystonia can develop. It can spread beyond the original site. In some people it becomes a whole-body picture.
There are two types. CRPS-1 occurs without confirmed nerve damage and accounts for the vast majority of cases. CRPS-2 follows a more direct nerve injury. The mechanism in both involves a breakdown in communication between the peripheral and central nervous systems, with the sympathetic nervous system playing a significant role in driving inflammation and abnormal blood flow.
What makes this condition particularly cruel is that diagnosis is clinical. There is no single test that confirms it. Many people spend years being told their pain is disproportionate or psychological, when in reality their nervous system is generating real, measurable, physiological changes.
Early intervention makes a meaningful difference.
Treatment typically involves a combination of neuropathic pain medications, physical and occupational therapy, nerve blocks, and in some cases spinal cord stimulation. The goal is always to restore function in the affected limb and interrupt the central sensitisation cycle before it becomes entrenched.