23/08/2023
Paranasal Sinuses
The definition of a sinus is a channel, cavity, hollow space or fistula. We have many of them our body but the most well-known are the paranasal sinuses.
The paranasal sinuses are not in your nose, they are in the bones of your skull and communicate to the nasal passages through small channels called nasal canaliculi.
They have several know functions and probably some unknown functions too:
• They lighten the skull
• They add a resonant quality to the voice
• They moderate temperature changes in the nasal cavity and prevent injury to structures that might be sensitive to heat or cold
• They help to warm and moisten air before it passes to the lungs
• They perform an immune defensive function via the formation of nitric oxide.
What causes sinus problems?
Sinus infection - viral, bacterial and fungal infection can block the sinus openings and impair drainage. This can start after a cold or upper respiratory infection.
Allergies - allergic reactions to airborne particles such as pollen, dust mite, pet hair or mould can cause sinuses to become inflamed and congested.
Nasal Polyps - non cancerous growths can develop and block the sinus openings. These create breathing difficulties and also recurring sinus infections.
Deviated Septum - the nasal septum (the cartilage that separates the two nostrils) is off-centre or crooked. This can obstruct proper airflow, leading to chronic sinus problems
Environmental Irritants - Exposure to smoke, pollution, chemicals, and other irritants can cause inflammation in the sinuses and exacerbate existing sinus conditions
Changes in Air Pressure - Rapid changes in altitude, such as during air travel or scuba diving, can affect the pressure in the sinuses, causing discomfort or pain
Structural Abnormalities - Some individuals may be born with structural abnormalities that affect the sinuses, making them more prone to sinus problems
Immune System Problems - People with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to infections, including sinus infections
Underlying medical problems - Certain medical conditions, such as cystic fibrosis or immune system disorders, can contribute to chronic or recurrent sinus problems
Swimming or diving - extended time underwater or exposing the nasal passages to contaminated water can lead to sinus infections, known as "swimmer's sinusitis."
Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause, which may include antibiotics for bacterial infections, antihistamines for allergies, or decongestants to relieve congestion. In some cases, surgery may be required to remove nasal polyps or correct a deviated septum
We can improve the health of the paranasal sinuses with nasal hygiene procedures like regular nose blowing and flushing with saline sprays or washes and with nasal rehab exercises like humming and breath holding.
Breathing exercises can improve airflow through the nasal passages, reduce inflammation, and promote better sinus drainage. Here are some breathing techniques that may help with sinus issues.
• Nasal breathing
• Deep breathing
• Alternate nostril breathing
• Steam inhalation
• Neti pot or saline rinse
• Humidify the air
• Facial massage
While breathing exercises can be helpful, they may not be a stand-alone treatment for serious sinus conditions or chronic sinusitis. If you have persistent or severe sinus problems, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and personalised treatment recommendations. Breathing exercises can complement medical treatments and self-care practices for better sinus health.