05/10/2025                                                                            
                                    
                                                                            
                                            Here is a map of yoga philosophy and practice, tailored for the path of direct awareness - Maha Yoga
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1. The Aim of Yoga
Liberation (moksha, kaivalya) through recognition of one’s true nature (Atman), which is not the body, mind, or intellect, but pure consciousness itself.
All yogas converge toward this; Self-Inquiry is its most direct route.
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2. The Four Primary Yogic Paths
 1. Jnana Yoga – the path of knowledge. Inquiry into the source of the “I.” Practices include Atma Vichara (“Who am I?”) and Neti Neti (“not this, not this”).
 2. Bhakti Yoga – the path of devotion. Dissolving individuality through surrender and love for the Divine.
 3. Karma Yoga – the path of selfless action. Acting without attachment to results; purifies ego.
 4. Raja Yoga – the path of mental mastery. Uses the eight limbs (Ashtanga) to bring the mind to stillness.
All others—Ta**ra, Kundalini, Hatha—can be seen as elaborations or blends of these four.
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3. The Six Philosophical Foundations (Darshanas)
 • Nyāya – logic and valid knowledge (pramana).
 • Vaiśeṣika – analysis of reality through categories (substance, quality, motion, etc.).
 • Sāṅkhya – dualistic cosmology: Purusha (consciousness) vs Prakriti (nature).
 • Yoga – practical system using Sāṅkhya metaphysics; aims for kaivalya (isolation of Purusha).
 • Mīmāṃsā – right action and dharma.
 • Vedānta – non-dual realization: Brahman = Atman.
For self-inquiry, Advaita Vedānta is most relevant, because it treats consciousness as the only reality.
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4. Core Concepts to Master
 • Ātman – Self; the witnessing consciousness.
 • Brahman – infinite, indivisible reality.
 • Māyā – illusion; superimposition of the unreal on the real.
 • Avidyā – ignorance; root of ego and suffering.
 • Guṇas – Sattva (clarity), Rajas (activity), Tamas (inertia).
 • Karma – cause and effect of action.
 • Samsāra – cycle of birth and death sustained by ignorance.
 • Moksha / Kaivalya – liberation from this cycle.
 • Prāṇa – vital life energy.
 • Chitta / Vṛtti – mind-stuff and its modifications.
 • Iśvara – personal aspect of the Absolute.
 • Svādhyāya – self-study, both scriptural and inner reflection.
 • Tapas – disciplined energy of transformation.
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5. The Eight Limbs of Raja Yoga (for mental purification)
 1. Yama – ethical restraints
 2. Niyama – personal observances
 3. Āsana – posture
 4. Prāṇāyāma – control of breath / energy
 5. Pratyāhāra – withdrawal of senses
 6. Dhāraṇā – concentration
 7. Dhyāna – meditation
 8. Samādhi – absorption
The last three form Samyama—the integrated practice leading to transcendence.
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6. The Spectrum of Samadhi
Understanding this is key for Atma Vichara practitioners.
Level Description Notes
Savikalpa Samadhi (Samprajñāta) Awareness is one-pointed but still has an object—bliss, light, mantra, or sense of “I am.” Mind refined but not dissolved.
Nirvikalpa Samadhi (Asamprajñāta) No thought, no distinction; awareness rests in itself, content-less and silent. Temporary cessation of ego; after emerging, duality resumes.
Sahaja Samadhi Natural, unbroken abidance as the Self even while active. The culmination of Self-Inquiry; spontaneous and effortless.
 • Nirvikalpa Samadhi is like deep sleep while remaining fully conscious—there is no “I” to know it, yet awareness is.
 • Sahaja is when that realization continues in waking life; the mind never again obscures awareness.
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7. Specialized Yogas and Approaches
 • Atma Vichara – direct inquiry into the source of the “I.”
 • Asparsha Yoga – “yoga of non-contact”; realization without dualistic relation (Gaudapada).
 • Laya Yoga – dissolution of mind into consciousness.
 • Kundalinī Yoga – awakening the latent energy to merge individual and cosmic awareness.
 • Hatha Yoga – physical and energetic purification to stabilize the mind.
 • Mantra Yoga / Nāda Yoga – transcendence through sacred sound and inner vibration.
 • Kriya Yoga – integrated discipline of breath, energy, and devotion.
 • Maha Yoga – the “Great Yoga”; abiding directly as awareness itself—no method, only being.
 • Ta**ra / Kashmir Shaivism – recognition that everything is the play (Spanda) of Consciousness.
 • Advaita Vedanta – wisdom path revealing the identity of Ātman and Brahman.
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8. States of Consciousness (Mandukya Upanishad)
 • Jāgrat – waking
 • Svapna – dreaming
 • Suṣupti – deep sleep
 • Turīya – the fourth, witnessing all states
 • Turīyātīta – beyond the fourth; unity of all experiences
Nirvikalpa Samadhi corresponds roughly to Turīya; Sahaja Samadhi to Turīyātīta.*
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9. Foundational Texts for Self-Inquiry Students
 1. Upanishads – primary revelations of non-duality.
 2. Bhagavad Gita – integration of all yogas into one path.
 3. Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – psychological map toward stillness.
 4. Mandukya Upanishad & Gaudapada Kārikā – exposition of Asparsha Yoga.
 5. Maha Yoga by K. Lakshmana Sarma (“WHO”) – Ramana Maharshi’s teaching systematized.
 6. Talks with Sri Ramana Maharshi – living dialogues on Self-Inquiry.
 7. Ashtavakra Gita & Ribhu Gita – radical non-dual scriptures for mature aspirants.
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10. The Process of Self-Inquiry (Atma Vichara)
 1. Turning attention inward – trace every thought back to its origin.
 2. Finding the source of “I” – each time the ego rises, ask “Who is it that perceives this?”
 3. Resting as awareness – when no answer comes, remain in that silent being.
 4. Fading of the seeker – as inquiry matures, the questioner dissolves; awareness remains self-aware.
 5. Stabilization in Sahaja – awareness ceases to alternate between depth and surface; it is continuous.
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11. From Practice to Being
Stage Description
Discipline Purifying body and mind through ethical and energetic means.
Concentration Gathering scattered attention.
Meditation Steady awareness of awareness.
Nirvikalpa Samadhi Cessation of mental movement; temporary ego-silence.
Sahaja Samadhi Continuous abidance in pure consciousness amid daily life.
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Yoga, seen through Self-Inquiry, is not a climb toward something new but a return to what has never left.
Every practice—whether breath, mantra, or devotion—points back to that silent witness.
When even practice falls away, Nirvikalpa Samadhi dawns; when that silence flowers in motion, Sahaja Samadhi abides.