22/10/2023
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Sometimes a person with dementia may become intensely distressed and agitated in the later afternoon or towards the end of the day. This is known as โsundowning.โ
The symptoms may continue into the night, making it hard for them to get enough sleep, but they arenโt necessarily linked to the sun setting, or limited to the end of the day.
Sundowning can happen at any stage of dementia but is more common during the middle and later stages.
We donโt understand well why it happens, but itโs possible there are a range of causes which might include:
- tiredness, hunger, pain or other unmet physical needs
- not enough exposure to sunlight during the day
- overstimulation during the day, such as from a noisy or busy environment
- disturbance to the personโs โbody clockโ caused by damage to the brain
- disturbed levels of hormones that vary over the course of the day
- sensory impairment, such as hearing or sight loss
- tiredness in other people causing the person with dementia to become upset
- mood disorders, such as anxiety or depression
- fewer carers around to look after the person (in a care home)
- side effects of prescribed drugs.
Some of these are related to the time of day, and others may happen at any time. Try to identify which of these problems might be affecting the person, as each problem may need a different treatment.
Sometimes what seems like โsundowningโ could be the person trying to communicate a need. This could be needing the toilet, feeling hungry or being in pain.
One tip is to think whether something thatโs happened during the day has affected them. If they seem agitated, try to calm them by distracting them, perhaps talking about a favourite memory or event they enjoy thinking about.
If you've supported a person with dementia, you might have experience of sundowning. We'd love to hear your advice.