27/10/2025
Abraham Maslow was an American psychologist and a humanist. He believed that people are basically good, that we have free will, and that we’re driven to grow into our best and most complete selves.
Even as late as the mid-20th century, psychology was focused on illness and classifying 'pathological' behaviours: it focued on stuff 'going wrong' in the mind. Maslow helped to turn that around. Along with others in the new 'humanistic psychology' movement, he asked a different question: what helps people live well? What do humans need to be happy?
The hierarchy of needs was his answer. It isn’t a set of strict stages or a ladder you climb. It’s a way of thinking about human happiness and motivation.
Maslow's ideas seem obvious now but the were radical in their day. They recognised that the spectrum of human problems was vast, from large problems to small ones, but that these could be seen as layers to help us better understand what might be lacking in our lives.
At the bottom of Maslow's graph is the foundation, where our most basic needs sit, like food, rest, shelter, safety. Towards the top, he said, humans have needs like belonging, love, self-respect, and purpose. When our basic needs are met, we have the freedom and energy to focus those other needs: things like creativity, growth, and meaning. But when they’re not met, everything else becomes harder. A person who feels unsafe, hungry, or cut off from others will struggle to feel confident or fulfilled.
Maslow’s point was that many of our psychological struggles begin when these human needs are frustrated. It’s not that we move neatly from one level to the next, but that the health of each layer supports the others. The more stable the base, the more we can flourish. (Thanks to BiteSize Learning for the graphic.) 💚