Dr Vakalidis E. Konstantinos - Dr Βακαλίδης Ε. Κωνσταντίνος

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Dr Vakalidis E. Konstantinos - Dr Βακαλίδης Ε. Κωνσταντίνος

Dr. Βακαλίδης Ε. Κωtν/νος
Ουρολόγος - Ανδρολόγος - Χειρουρ

Dr. Βακαλίδης Ε. Κων/νος
Ουρολόγος - Ανδρολόγος - Χειρουργός

Ο κ. Βακαλίδης Κων/νος γεννήθηκε στην Στουτγκάρδη της Γερμανίας το 1970.
Απόφοιτος Ιατρικής Σχολής 1996. και Διδάκτωρ Ιατρικής Σχολής του Δ.Π.Θ.
Ενεργό μέλος της Βορείου και Πανελλήνιας Ουρολογικής Εταιρείας.
Ευρωπαϊκής Ουρολογικής Εταιρείας (EAU).
Αμερικανικής Ουρολογικής Εταιρείας (AUA).

Παθήσεις

- Ειδικές Ουρολογικές εξετάσεις
- Επ

ιδιδυμίτιδα
- Μη Γονοκοκκική Ουρηθρήτιδα
- Γονοκοκκική Ουρηθρήτιδα
- Χρόνια Μικροβιακή Προστατίτιδα
- Οξεία Μικροβιακή Προστατίτιδα
- Γάγγραινα του Οσχέου
- Ελεφαντίαση του Οσχέου
- Συστροφή του όρχεος
- Όγκοι της ουροδόχου κύστεως
- Κιρσοκήλη
- Υδροκήλη
- Παθήσεις που αντιμετωπίζονται
- Σπερματοκήλη
- Πριασμός
- Παραφίμωση
- Φίμωση
- Κρυψορχία
- Αιματουρία
- Ακράτεια Ανδρική / Γυναικεία
- Παθήσεις Όρχεων
- Καρκίνος Του Πέους
- Παθήσεις Προστάτη
- Παθήσεις ουροδόχου κύστεως
- Παθήσεις νεφρών / Λιθίαση νεφρού

27/07/2025

❓Who determines the s*x of the child at conception❓

The s*x of the child is established at the time of fertilization of the egg, being influenced exclusively by the father's genetic material.

🔬 How does the genetic mechanism work?

The maternal egg always contains an X s*x chromosome. The father's s***m can contain either an X chromosome or a Y chromosome:

🔹X chromosome (from the father) + X chromosome (from the mother) = Girl (XX)

🔹Y chromosome (from the father) + X chromosome (from the mother) = Boy (XY)

Thus, the s*x of the child is determined exclusively by the type of the chromosome (X or Y) brought by the s***m that fertilizes the egg.

📊 Did you know that...

The probability of conceiving a boy or a girl is approximately 50%-50%, this being completely random. There are no external factors (diet, position during s*xual in*******se or other popular factors) that influence this distribution.

#Ουρολογία #Χειρουργός #Ουρολόγος #Ανδρολόγος

20/07/2025

Male Infertility: What Do the Studies Say?

Infertility affects about 15% of couples of reproductive age, and in almost 50% of cases, the cause is male. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 7% of men experience fertility problems.

🔹 S***m count is declining – a study published in 2022 shows that, in the recent decades, the average s***m concentration has decreased by more than 50% globally
🔹 Varicocele affects fertility – approximately 40% of men with primary infertility (who have never conceived a child) and 80% of those with secondary infertility (who have previously conceived) suffer from varicocele
🔹 Impact of lifestyle – factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity and exposure to pollutants can reduce s***m quality and affect testicular function

Although male infertility is a common problem, in many cases it can be treated with lifestyle changes, hormone therapies or medical interventions. Early evaluation by a urologist/andrologist and a correct diagnosis are essential to identify the right solutions.

#Ουρολογία #Χειρουργός #Ουρολόγος #Ανδρολόγος

13/07/2025

HOW IS A S***MOGRAM PERFORMED AND INTERPRETED❓

The s***mogram is an essential test for evaluating male fertility and it is performed by analyzing the seminal fluid. To obtain accurate results, the patient must follow several recommendations before collection: s*xual abstinence for 2-7 days, avoiding alcohol, caffeine or to***co consumption and reducing stress. The collection is done by ma********on, in a sterile container, either at the clinic where the laboratory is located, or at home (with rapid transport to the laboratory, at body temperature). The sample must be analyzed within one hour of collection.

👉The interpretation of the s***mogram is based on several parameters: ej*****te volume (normal >1.5 ml), s***m concentration (>15 million/ml), motility (at least 40% mobile), normal morphology (>4% according to strict Kruger Morphology criteria), pH (7.2-8.0) and the presence of leukocytes (

06/07/2025

THE LINK BETWEEN SEASONS AND MALE FERTILITY

Seasons can influence male fertility through their effects on s***m production, quality, and hormone levels.

🌞Scientific studies show that summer and spring are associated with better s***m quality compared to fall and winter. High temperatures and sun exposure in the warmer months can stimulate the production of vitamin D, which plays an important role in regulating testosterone, a hormone essential for fertility. Additionally, exposure to sunlight can improve mood and reduce stress, factors that can indirectly influence s***m quality.

However, excessive exposure to heat, such as frequent saunas or hot baths during the summer, can negatively affect fertility.

❄️During winter, low temperatures and shorter days can lead to lower testosterone levels and a temporary decrease in s***m quality.

🍎Also, lifestyle and diet vary depending on the season, which can influence male reproductive health. Thus, consuming fresh fruits and vegetables in the summer can support fertility, while diets poorer in vitamins and minerals in the winter can have negative effects.

👉Seasons influence male fertility through biological, behavioral and environmental factors.

#Ουρολογία #Χειρουργός #Ουρολόγος #Ανδρολόγος

29/06/2025

PRIMARY VS SECONDARY INFERTILITY

Male infertility can be classified into primary and secondary infertility, differentiated by the man's reproductive history.

👉Primary infertility refers to the inability of a man to conceive a child with a partner, despite a year or more of regular, unprotected s*xual in*******se. The main causes include reduced or abnormal s***m production, such as oligos***mia (low s***m count) or azoos***mia (no s***m), problems with s***m motility, or genetic abnormalities, such as Klinefelter syndrome. Other causes may include infections, hormonal imbalances, varicoceles, or obstructions in the reproductive system.

👉On the other hand, secondary infertility occurs in men who have conceived previously but who are having difficulty conceiving again. Causes are often acquired and can include deterioration of testicular function due to aging, ge***al infections, trauma, exposure to toxins, excessive alcohol use, smoking, or radiation. Other causes include medical complications or previous surgeries, such as vasectomy.

👉Diagnosis for both types involves semen analysis tests, hormonal evaluations, and imaging to identify any abnormalities.

👉Treatment can range from lifestyle changes and hormonal medication, to surgical procedures or assisted reproductive techniques, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF).

#Ουρολογία #Χειρουργός #Ουρολόγος #Ανδρολόγος

22/06/2025

HYPOS***MIA AND HYPERS***MIA

Hypos***mia and hypers***mia are disorders related to the volume of ej*****ted s***m, with different causes and implications.
Hypos***mia is characterized by a volume of s***m less than 1.5 ml per ej*******on, according to the criteria of the World Health Organization. This condition can be caused by dehydration, seminal vesicle dysfunction, ejaculatory duct obstruction, or retrograde ej*******on, a condition in which s***m enters the bladder. Factors such as infections, hormonal imbalances, or surgery can also contribute to hypos***mia.

On the other hand, hypers***mia refers to a semen volume greater than 5-6 ml, a rare problem that can be associated with long periods of abstinence, hormonal disorders, prostatitis or the use of supplements that stimulate s***m production. Although hypers***mia is generally not a serious medical problem, it can affect the quality of s***m by diluting it, thus reducing the chances of fertilization.

🩺In both cases, consulting an urologist or an andrologist is important to identify the causes and establish the appropriate treatment, especially if these disorders are accompanied by infertility or other symptoms.

A correct evaluation may involve hormonal analyses, fertility tests, and imaging investigations for an accurate diagnosis.

#Ουρολογία #Χειρουργός #Ουρολόγος #Ανδρολόγος

15/06/2025

S***M AGGLUTINATION

ℹ️S***m agglutination is the process by which s***matozoa stick together, affecting their mobility and ability to fertilize the egg. This problem is often associated with the presence of antis***m antibodies, which occur following ge***al infections, trauma, surgery or inflammation of the reproductive tract. Other causes include: hormonal imbalances, varicocele or exposure to toxins.

🩺The diagnosis of s***m agglutination is made through semen analysis (s***mogram), where s***m aggregates are observed and their mobility is evaluated. Immunological tests such as the MAR (Mixed Antiglobulin Reaction) test can also confirm the presence of antis***m antibodies.

💊💉Treatment depends on the underlying cause. In cases of infection, antibiotics are recommended. For antis***m antibodies, immunosuppressive therapies or assisted reproductive techniques, such as artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization (IVF), can be used to increase the chances of conception. In cases associated with varicocele, surgery can improve s***m quality. Also, lifestyle changes, such as avoiding smoking, alcohol consumption and reducing exposure to toxins, can contribute to improving the overall condition of s***m.

‼️Urological consultation is essential for establishing the diagnosis and the appropriate treatment.

#Ουρολογία #Χειρουργός #Ουρολόγος #Ανδρολόγος

08/06/2025

🔬Micro-TESE (microsurgical testicular s***m extraction) is a surgical procedure used to harvest s***m from the testicles in men with non-obstructive azoos***mia. This advanced method is especially indicated when other techniques, such as classic testicular biopsy, fail to find viable s***m.

The procedure is performed under general or local anesthesia and the surgeon uses a high-resolution microscope to identify and to sample areas of the testicle that are most likely to contain s***m. Compared to traditional techniques, micro-TESE allows for more precise harvesting and minimizes the damage to healthy testicular tissue. The s***m obtained are then used in assisted reproductive procedures, such as ICSI (intracytoplasmic s***m injection).

‼️Micro-TESE is an important procedure because it offers a chance of fatherhood to men who would otherwise be considered infertile. In addition, the procedure can be combined with advanced laboratory tests to assess the quality and the viability of s***m, contributing to the success of the fertilization.

Postoperative recovery is usually quick, and risks, such as pain or inflammation, are minimal if the urologist's recommendations are followed.

#Ουρολογία #Χειρουργός #Ουρολόγος #Ανδρολόγος

01/06/2025

CHARACTERISTICS OF A NORMAL S***M CULTURE

A normal s***m culture indicates the absence of pathogenic microorganisms in the seminal fluid, which suggests that there are no infections in the male reproductive tract.
🔹Absence of pathogenic bacteria:
➡️A normal analysis excludes the presence of bacteria frequently associated with infections, such as:
-Escherichia coli – a common cause of urinary tract infections
-Klebsiella spp. – opportunistic bacteria involved in ge***al infections
-Staphylococcus aureus – associated with inflammation of the prostate or the epididymis
-Other bacteria such as Proteus spp., Enterococcus spp. or Pseudomonas aeruginosa
🔹Absence of fungi:
In the case of a normal s***m culture, fungi such as Candida albicans are not identified, which excludes fungal infections of the ge***al tract.

General parameters of normality for s***m culture:
-The number of leukocytes in the sample is reduced, below the limits that would indicate inflammation
-Absence of any signs of external contamination
-Negative results exclude the need for treatment with antibiotics or antifungals

Importance of a normal s***m culture:
👉Confirms the absence of active infections that can affect fertility
👉Contributes to the correct evaluation of male infertility problems
👉Excludes infectious causes for symptoms such as pelvic pain or dysuria

#Ουρολογία #Χειρουργός #Ουρολόγος #Ανδρολόγος

25/05/2025

❓FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS FOR THE ANDROLOGIST❓

1️⃣Why do I have er****on problems?
Erectile dysfunction can be caused by physical factors (diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease), psychological (stress, anxiety, depression) or lifestyle (smoking, excessive alcohol consumption). It is important to consult a doctor to identify the exact cause and to recommend the right treatment.
2️⃣Why can't we conceive a child?
Male infertility can have multiple causes: low s***m count, low motility, anatomical abnormalities or hormonal imbalances. Semen analysis and other investigations help establish a diagnosis and a personalized treatment plan.
3️⃣My testosterone level is low, what can I do?
Low testosterone levels can lead to fatigue, decreased muscle mass and libido. Treatment includes lifestyle changes, dietary supplements, or hormone therapy, depending on the cause and the severity of the deficiency.
4️⃣I have pain in my testicles. Is it serious?
Testicular pain can indicate infections, varicocele, hydrocele or other medical conditions. Sometimes, it can be a medical emergency, such as testicular torsion. Prompt consultation is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment.
5️⃣What can I do to improve my s*xual health?
Adopting a healthy lifestyle (balanced diet, regular exercise, avoiding smoking and alcohol) and reducing stress levels are essential. Regular medical check-ups can also prevent and treat health problems in their early stages.

#Ουρολογία #Χειρουργός #Ουρολόγος #Ανδρολόγος

18/05/2025

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT FOR CRYPTOZOOS***MIA

ℹ️Cryptozoos***mia is a rare condition characterized by the presence of an extremely low number of s***m in the seminal fluid, detectable only by centrifugation, and it is often confused with azoos***mia. More precisely, the number of s***m is below 100,000 per ml of semen.

🩺The diagnosis begins with a s***mogram, usually performed in 2 or more samples to confirm the result. During this analysis, the sample is centrifuged to concentrate any s***m present. Other complementary tests include hormonal level evaluation (testosterone, FSH, LH, prolactin), transrectal or scrotal ultrasound to identify possible obstructions and a genetic analysis to exclude chromosomal abnormalities.

💉💊The treatment for cryptozoos***mia varies depending on the underlying cause. If the condition is caused by an obstructive factor, surgical interventions, such as repair of the vas deferens or removal of cysts, can significantly improve s***m parameters. In cases of hormonal dysfunction, hormone replacement therapy or medication to stimulate s***matogenesis (such as clomiphene) can be used. In situations where the factor is genetic or idiopathic, assisted reproductive techniques are necessary, such as surgical extraction of s***m directly from the testicle (TESA or TESE) and their use in in vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic s***m injection (ICSI).
Adopting a healthy lifestyle can also help improve cryptozoos***mia. Quitting smoking, reducing alcohol consumption, maintaining a healthy weight and taking antioxidant supplements (such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and zinc) can support reproductive health.

‼️Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to increase your chances of getting pregnant‼️

#Ουρολογία #Χειρουργός #Ουρολόγος #Ανδρολόγος

11/05/2025

IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT AZF FOR MALE INFERTILITY

AZF (Azoos***mia Factor) is a specific region of the Y chromosome involved in s***m production. Mutations or deletions in this region are associated with male infertility, especially in cases of azoos***mia.

The AZF region is divided into 3 main subregions: AZFa, AZFb and AZFc, each with specific roles in the development and maturation of s***m cells.

👉Genetic testing for deletions in the AZF region is essential in diagnosing the cause of male infertility, providing valuable information about prognosis and treatment options. For example, deletion in the AZFc region may allow s***m to be collected through procedures such as testicular aspiration, while deletions in the AZFa and AZFb regions are associated with their complete absence. Identifying problems at the AZF level helps avoid unnecessary treatments and genetic counseling for the affected couples.

🔬The laboratory test to identify the deletion in the AXF region is performed by analyzing DNA extracted from a blood sample, using molecular biology techniques, such as PCR (polymerization chain reaction). This is often complemented by karyotype testing, which evaluates the structure and the number of chromosomes, allowing the identification of chromosomal abnormalities associated with infertility, such as Klinefelter syndrome or other genetic translocations.

#Ουρολογία #Χειρουργός #Ουρολόγος #Ανδρολόγος

Address

Εγνατίας 67 (ύψος της Αγίας Σοφίας)
Thessaloníki
54631

Telephone

+302310240043

Website

http://www.vakalidis.gr/

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