Micro biology

Micro biology the branch of science which deal with the study of micro organisim ,such as bactaria,virus,fungi,parasites

21/10/2024

Any one who get UK or USA scholarship?

World Microbiology Day
18/09/2024

World Microbiology Day

Parasites are classified into several groups based on their characteristics, hosts, and modes of transmission. Here's a ...
14/09/2024

Parasites are classified into several groups based on their characteristics, hosts, and modes of transmission. Here's a general classification:

1. _Protozoa_:
- Single-celled eukaryotes
- Examples: Plasmodium (malaria), Trypanosoma (sleeping sickness), Giardia (giardiasis)
2. _Helminths_:
- Multicellular worms
- Classified into:
- _Trematodes_ (flukes): Schistosoma (schistosomiasis), Fasciola (liver fluke)
- _Cestodes_ (tapeworms): Taenia (beef/pork tapeworm), Echinococcus (hydatid disease)
- _Nematodes_ (roundworms): Ascaris (roundworm), Trichinella (trichinosis), Hookworms
3. _Ectoparasites_:
- Live on the host's surface
- Examples: Lice, Fleas, Ticks, Mites
4. _Arthropod vectors_:
- Transmit parasites through bites or contact
- Examples: Mosquitoes (malaria, dengue), Tsetse flies (sleeping sickness), Sandflies (leishmaniasis)

This classification helps understand the biology, transmission, and treatment of various parasites. Note that some sources may group parasites differently, but this provides a general framework.

Urine preservatives
08/09/2024

Urine preservatives

03/09/2024

WESTGARD RULES LJ CHART CONTROLSDMEAN ...

02/09/2024

Control statistics MEAN SDLJ GRAPH CONTROL LIMIT'S WE GUARD RULES ...

Klebsiella is best treated with third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, quinolones, or carbapenems. ...
01/09/2024

Klebsiella is best treated with third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, quinolones, or carbapenems.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacterium found in the environment, can cause deadly multidrug-resistant infections, particula...
01/09/2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacterium found in the environment, can cause deadly multidrug-resistant infections, particularly in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Annually, over 500,000 people succumb to Pseudomonas infections. Research suggests that this microbe has rapidly evolved and spread globally over the past 200 years, likely due to human activity.

To understand how Pseudomonas transformed from a harmless environmental microbe to a dangerous human pathogen, scientists analyzed genetic data from approximately 10,000 strains of Pseudomonas. These strains were isolated from infected humans, animals, and contaminated environmental samples worldwide.

The study aimed to uncover the genetic changes that enabled Pseudomonas to become a formidable human pathogen. By exploring its evolutionary history, researchers hope to develop effective strategies to combat multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas infections and save lives.

Some parasites show very complex life cycles with facultative or obligate alternation between sexual and non-sexual repr...
01/09/2024

Some parasites show very complex life cycles with facultative or obligate alternation between sexual and non-sexual reproduction. Some parasites show various types of parthenogenetic reproduction. For some parasites, it is not known yet if sexual cycles do exist. All this has major consequences for the adaptability of these parasites. Having a collection of articles that illustrate all the different modes of inheritance in parasites would be a nice start for a section on genetics.

This is the inaugural research topic in the new section parasite genetics. The goal of this collection is to compile an overview of the different strategies to pass on genetic information used by parasites and their consequences for the biology and pathology of these parasites. This includes adaptation to changing host environments, both short-term (immune response) and long-term (evolutionary changes) and the acquisition and spreading of drug resistance.

Manuscripts concerned with how genetic information is passed on from generation to generation are in the scope of this research topic. While original research articles are welcome, we welcome also review articles type discussing the various modes of reproduction employed by parasites and their consequence for the success of the parasites.

31/08/2024

Standard |*| CALIBRATION | /why we do instrument calibration or //why we run Standard on instrument

Advances in Diagnostic Techniques in VirologyThe clinical virology laboratory has benefited sign...
30/08/2024



Advances in Diagnostic Techniques in Virology

The clinical virology laboratory has benefited significantly from modern techniques such as electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, radioimmunoassay, and ELISAs. These methods have enabled the direct detection of viruses in clinical specimens, yielding rapid results and facilitating same-day diagnosis. This has made these assays clinically useful.

Recently, molecular techniques have revolutionized the diagnosis of viral infections, transforming the field of clinical virology. Techniques once limited to specialized laboratories are now widely applied, marking a significant breakthrough. Notably, the development of PCR and real-time PCR has introduced highly sensitive, specific, reproducible, and cost-effective molecular technologies. Additionally, gene sequencing technology has matured, providing timely and affordable results.

These advances have transformed the field of virology, enabling:

- Rapid and accurate diagnosis
- Direct detection of viruses in clinical specimens
- Same-day diagnosis
- High sensitivity and specificity
- Reproducible results
- Automation and cost-effectiveness

The remarkable capacity of bacteria to adapt in response to selective pressures drives antimicrobial resistance. Pseudom...
30/08/2024

The remarkable capacity of bacteria to adapt in response to selective pressures drives antimicrobial resistance. Pseudomonas aeruginosa illustrates this point, establishing chronic infections during which it evolves to survive antimicrobials and evade host defenses. Many adaptive changes occur on the P. aeruginosa cell surface but methods to identify these are limited. Here we combine phage display with high-throughput DNA sequencing to create a high throughput, multiplexed technology for surveying bacterial cell surfaces, Phage-seq. By applying phage display panning to hundreds of bacterial genotypes and analyzing the dynamics of the phage display selection process, we capture important biological information about cell surfaces. This approach also yields camelid single-domain antibodies that recognize key P. aeruginosa virulence factors on live cells. These antibodies have numerous potential applications in diagnostics and therapeutics. We propose that Phage-seq establishes a powerful paradigm for studying the bacterial cell surface by identifying and profiling many surface features in parallel.

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