香港臨床腦神經心理中心 Hong Kong Clinical Neuropsychology Centre

01/06/2025

情感專家(9B)[廣東話]激情、親密還是承諾最重要？

愛是人類生活中深刻且複雜的主題，涵蓋心理學與哲學的多個面向。本教學內容將從愛的本質、心理需求、依附關係、維繫方式、結構組成到終極意義進行探討，幫助學習者理解愛的內涵，並將專業理論以清晰易懂的方式呈現。

一、愛的本質：能力而非單純情感
心理學家弗洛伊德（Sigmund Freud）認為，愛並非僅僅是一時的情感衝動，而是一種需要學習與培養的能力。他在《愛的藝術》中比喻，愛如同騎自行車，初學者可能跌倒，但透過練習能逐漸掌握。這種能力隨著個人成長而發展，強調愛是主動的創造過程，而非被動的感受。

二、愛的心理需求：馬斯洛理論
馬斯洛（Abraham Maslow）的需求層次理論指出，愛與歸屬是人類的核心需求，位於生理和安全需求之後。人們渴望在關係中被接納與重視，這不僅滿足情感需要，更是心理健康的基石。缺乏愛可能導致孤獨感，甚至影響自我價值的認知。

三、愛的根基：依附理論
依附理論由鮑爾比（John Bowlby）和安斯沃斯（Mary Ainsworth）提出，認為童年與照顧者的關係形塑了成年後的愛情模式。依附類型包括：
安全型依附：童年獲得穩定關愛，成年後能建立信任關係。
回避型依附：童年照顧不一致，成年後可能抗拒親密，害怕情感傷害。
這揭示了早期經歷如何影響我們對愛的期待與行為。

四、愛的維繫：心理帳戶與5:1法則
1. 心理帳戶（Thaler’s Mental Accounting）
行為經濟學家理查德·泰勒（Richard Thaler）提出，親密關係如同銀行帳戶：
正面互動（如讚美、陪伴）是“存款”，增強關係連結。
負面互動（如爭執、冷漠）是“債務”，削弱關係基礎。
健康的關係需要持續“存款”，以抵禦偶爾的“債務”衝擊。

2. 5:1比例（Gottman’s 5:1 Ratio）
心理學家約翰·戈特曼（John Gottman）研究顯示，穩定關係中正面互動與負面互動的比例應至少為5:1。例如，一次爭吵（負面）需五次支持或關懷（正面）來修復。這並非要求無衝突，而是強調修復與平衡的重要性。

五、愛的結構：斯滕伯格三角理論
斯滕伯格（Robert Sternberg）的三角理論將愛分為三元素：
1. 激情（Passion）：身體吸引與浪漫情懷。
2. 親密（Intimacy）：情感上的信任與連結。
3. 承諾（Commitment）：對關係的長期責任。
不同關係可能側重不同元素，例如熱戀期多激情，婚姻則需承諾支撐。完整的愛是三者的和諧平衡。
六、愛的意義：成全而非控制
存在主義哲學家薩特（JeanPaul Sartre）認為，愛不是將對方視為財產，而是尊重彼此的獨立性，促進雙方的成長。真正的愛在於理解與支持，讓彼此成為更好的自己，而非單純的佔有。

作者: #李玟頵博士 #情感專家 #焦慮型依戀 #依戀模式 #回避型依戀 #依附理論 #混亂型依戀 #安全型依戀 #原生家庭影響 #親密關係 #關係修復 #普通話 #粵語 #廣東話

https://youtube.com/shorts/UrPCJOWM-jU .

31/05/2025

UK3.3.7-8 [英語]英國永居考試 內戰 克倫威爾 共和英國 Civil War Oliver Cromwell English Republic[English] Life in UK Test

3.3.7 The beginning of the English Civil War
Charles I wanted the worship of the Church of England to include more ceremony and introduced a revised Prayer Book. He tried to impose this Prayer Book on the Presbyterian Church in Scotland and this led to serious unrest. A Scottish army was formed and Charles could not find the money he needed for his own army without the help of Parliament. In 1640, he recalled Parliament to ask it for funds.

Many in Parliament were Puritans, a group of Protestants who advocated strict and simple religious doctrine and worship. They did not agree with the king’s religious views and disliked his reforms of the Church of England. Parliament refused to give the king the money he asked for, even after the Scottish army invaded England.

Another rebellion began in Ireland because the Roman Catholics in Ireland were afraid of the growing power of the Puritans. Parliament took this opportunity to demand control of the English army – a change that would have transferred substantial power from the king to Parliament. In response, Charles I entered the House of Commons and tried to arrest five parliamentary leaders, but they had been warned and were not there. (No monarch has set foot in the Commons since.) Civil war between the king and Parliament could not now be avoided and began in 1642. The country split into those who supported the king (the Cavaliers) and those who supported Parliament (the Roundheads).

3.3.8 Oliver Cromwell and the English republic

Oliver Cromwell was the leader of the English republic

The king’s army was defeated at the Battles of Marston Moor and Naseby. By 1646, it was clear that Parliament had won the war. Charles was held prisoner by the parliamentary army. He was still unwilling to reach any agreement with Parliament and in 1649 he was executed.

England declared itself a republic, called the Commonwealth. It no longer had a monarch. For a time, it was not totally clear how the country would be governed. For now, the army was in control. One of its generals, Oliver Cromwell, was sent to Ireland, where the revolt which had begun in 1641 still continued and where there was still a Royalist army. Cromwell was successful in establishing the authority of the English Parliament but did this with such violence that even today Cromwell remains a controversial figure in Ireland.

The Scots had not agreed to the ex*****on of Charles I and declared his son Charles II to be king. He was crowned king of Scotland and led a Scottish army into England. Cromwell defeated this army in the Battles of Dunbar and Worcester. Charles II escaped from Worcester, famously hiding in an oak tree on one occasion, and eventually fled to Europe. Parliament now controlled Scotland as well as England and Wales.

After his campaign in Ireland and victory over Charles II at Worcester, Cromwell was recognised as the leader of the new republic. He was given the title of Lord Protector and ruled until his death in 1658. When Cromwell died, his son, Richard, became Lord Protector in his place but was not able to control the army or the government. Although Britain had been a republic for 11 years, without Oliver Cromwell there was no clear leader or system of government. Many people in the country wanted stability. People began to talk about the need for a king.

Key events:
EnglishCivilWar,ExecutionOfCharlesI,OliverCromwell,BattleOfMarstonMoor,BattleOfNaseby,RevisedPrayerBook,PuritanParliament,RoundheadsVsCavaliers,RoyalistUprisingIreland,ParliamentControlArmy,RoyalOakEscape,BattleOfDunbar,BattleOfWorcester,CommonwealthOfEngland,LordProtectorEra,CromwellInIreland,RichardCromwell,ScottishRestoration,AbolitionOfMonarchy,RepublicanInstability


作者: #李玟頵博士 #英國永居考試 #英國 #英國歷史 #粵語 #廣東話 #英語

https://youtu.be/Tos8l_mAW4Y .

31/05/2025

UK3.3.7-8 [廣東話]英國永居考試 內戰 克倫威爾 共和英國

3.3.7 英國內戰爆鑊
查理一世想將英格蘭教會嘅禮儀搞到更加複雜，仲整咗本新版祈禱書。佢夾硬要蘇格蘭嘅長老教會用呢本書，結果搞到蘇格蘭大暴動。班蘇格蘭人直接組咗支反抗軍，但查理冇議會幫手根本籌唔到軍費。1640年佢焗住重開議會撲水，點知議會入面大把清教徒（主張宗教儀式越簡單越好嘅新教徒），班人唔單止唔buy國王嘅宗教政策，仲反對教會改革。後來蘇格蘭軍隊打埋入英格蘭，議會都照樣唔批錢。

愛爾蘭班天主教徒驚清教徒勢力坐大，又跟住起義搞事。議會趁機要求搶軍隊控制權——呢招直接將權力由國王過檔畀議會。查理一世激到衝入下議院想拉五個議員大佬，點知班人一早收到風走咗佬（自此再冇君主敢硬闖下議院）。捱到1642年，國王同議會正式反面，英國內戰開波。全國分兩大派：撐國王嘅「騎士黨」同撐議會嘅「圓顱黨」。

3.3.8 奧利弗·克倫威爾同共和時代
關鍵戰役：
馬斯頓荒原戰役（1644）同內斯比戰役（1645），國王軍隊畀議會軍打到趴街。
到1646年，議會軍贏曬，查理一世畀人捉去坐監。但佢死都唔肯妥協，結果1649年被人斬首（英國史上唯一被處決嘅國王）。

英格蘭共和國（又叫英聯邦）成立，直接廢咗君主制。但初時根本唔識點治國，最後軍隊話事。大將軍克倫威爾被派去鎮壓愛爾蘭嘅保皇黨起義（由1641年搞到而家）。佢雖然幫英國議會確立權威，但喺愛爾蘭殺得太狼，到今時今日仲畀人鬧。

蘇格蘭復辟：
蘇格蘭人唔服查理一世被斬首，直接捧佢個仔查理二世做國王。
1650年查理二世帶蘇格蘭軍隊殺返英格蘭，結果畀克倫威爾喺鄧巴戰役同伍斯特戰役打到喊。
查理二世上演「橡樹大逃亡」（匿喺樹窿走甩追兵），最後著草去歐洲避風頭。議會趁勢控制蘇格蘭。

護國公年代：
克倫威爾打完勝仗，上位做英聯邦護國公，獨攬大權直到1658年釘蓋。
佢個仔理查德·克倫威爾接位，但完全摣唔住軍隊同政府。
英國做咗11年共和國，冇咗克倫威爾之後亂到七彩，班市民開始懷念「有返個國王可能仲穩陣」。

重點標記
人物：查理一世、克倫威爾、查理二世、理查德·克倫威爾
戰役：馬斯頓荒原、內斯比、鄧巴、伍斯特
政策：新版祈禱書爭議、軍隊權力過檔、愛爾蘭鎮壓
制度變革：廢君主制→行共和→護國公獨裁
經典場面：下議院拉人失敗、查理二世橡樹走佬

作者: #李玟頵博士 #英國永居考試 #英國 #英國歷史 #粵語 #廣東話

https://youtu.be/KvOqzogheTs .

30/05/2025

28/05/2025

心理大師榮格與我 1
#容格 #榮格   #榮格心理類型  #李玟頵博士 

https://youtu.be/pLTD3Rh1O9o .

28/05/2025

乾卦之見龍在野 變 飛龍在天 至亢龍有悔

九四 見龍在野 九五 飛龍在天 上九 亢龍有悔

#易經 #乾卦 #見龍在野 #飛龍在天 #神龍 #九五至尊 #李玟頵博士 

https://youtu.be/EOlH3-ANS1o .

28/05/2025

UK3.3.2-3 [英語]英國永居考試, 詹姆士一世, 愛爾蘭, 議會James I, Ireland, Parliament[English] Life in UK Test
UK3.3.2-3 [Life in UK Test] James I, Ireland, Parliament
3.3.4 James VI and I
Elizabeth I never married and so had no children of her own to inherit her throne. When she died in 1603 her heir was her cousin James VI of Scotland. He became King James I of England, Wales and Ireland but Scotland remained a separate country.
The King James Bible
One achievement of King James’ reign was a new translation of the Bible into English. This translation is known as the ‘King James Version’ or the ‘Authorised Version’. It was not the first English Bible but is a version which continues to be used in many Protestant churches today.
3.3.5 Ireland
During this period, Ireland was an almost completely Catholic country. Henry VII and Henry VIII had extended English control outside the Pale and had established English authority over the whole country. Henry VIII took the title ‘King of Ireland’. English laws were introduced and local leaders were expected to follow the instructions of the Lord Lieutenants in Dublin.
During the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I, many people in Ireland opposed rule by the Protestant government in England. There were a number of rebellions. The English government encouraged Scottish and English Protestants to settle in Ulster, the northern province of Ireland, taking over the land from Catholic landholders. These settlements were known as plantations. Many of the new settlers came from south-west Scotland and other land was given to companies based in London. James later organised similar plantations in several other parts of Ireland. This had serious longterm consequences for the history of England, Scotland and Ireland.
3.3.6 The rise of Parliament
Elizabeth I was very skilled at managing Parliament. During her reign, she was successful in balancing her wishes and views against those of the House of Lords and those of the House of Commons, which was increasingly Protestant in its views.
James I and his son Charles I were less skilled politically. Both believed in the ‘Divine Right of Kings’: the idea that the king was directly appointed by God to rule. They thought that the king should be able to act without having to seek approval from Parliament. When Charles I inherited the thrones of England, Wales, Ireland and Scotland, he tried to rule in line with this principle. When he could not get Parliament to agree with his religious and foreign policies, he tried to rule without Parliament at all. For 11 years, he found ways in which to raise money without Parliament’s approval but eventually trouble in Scotland meant that he had to recall Parliament.
Key events:

#詹姆士一世 #伊莉莎白一世 #查理一世 #君權神授 #欽定版聖經 #愛爾蘭種植園 #阿爾斯特移民 #英國新教政府 #都柏林總督 #亨利八世 #議會崛起 #蘇格蘭英格蘭聯合 #愛爾蘭天主教 #詹姆士六世 #聖經翻譯 #佩爾外統治 #愛爾蘭國王 #倫敦公司土地分配 #十七世紀英國政治
作者: #李玟頵博士 #英國永居考試 #英國 #英國歷史 #羅馬人 #維京人 #諾曼人 #大英博物館 , #英語
https://youtu.be/jBJ5BRiCVp8 .

28/05/2025

UK3.3.2-3 [英語]英國永居考試, 詹姆士一世, 愛爾蘭, 議會James I, Ireland, Parliament[English] Life in UK Test

UK3.3.2-3 [Life in UK Test] James I, Ireland, Parliament

3.3.4 James VI and I
Elizabeth I never married and so had no children of her own to inherit her throne. When she died in 1603 her heir was her cousin James VI of Scotland. He became King James I of England, Wales and Ireland but Scotland remained a separate country.

The King James Bible
One achievement of King James’ reign was a new translation of the Bible into English. This translation is known as the ‘King James Version’ or the ‘Authorised Version’. It was not the first English Bible but is a version which continues to be used in many Protestant churches today.

3.3.5 Ireland
During this period, Ireland was an almost completely Catholic country. Henry VII and Henry VIII had extended English control outside the Pale and had established English authority over the whole country. Henry VIII took the title ‘King of Ireland’. English laws were introduced and local leaders were expected to follow the instructions of the Lord Lieutenants in Dublin.

During the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I, many people in Ireland opposed rule by the Protestant government in England. There were a number of rebellions. The English government encouraged Scottish and English Protestants to settle in Ulster, the northern province of Ireland, taking over the land from Catholic landholders. These settlements were known as plantations. Many of the new settlers came from south-west Scotland and other land was given to companies based in London. James later organised similar plantations in several other parts of Ireland. This had serious longterm consequences for the history of England, Scotland and Ireland.

3.3.6 The rise of Parliament
Elizabeth I was very skilled at managing Parliament. During her reign, she was successful in balancing her wishes and views against those of the House of Lords and those of the House of Commons, which was increasingly Protestant in its views.

James I and his son Charles I were less skilled politically. Both believed in the ‘Divine Right of Kings’: the idea that the king was directly appointed by God to rule. They thought that the king should be able to act without having to seek approval from Parliament. When Charles I inherited the thrones of England, Wales, Ireland and Scotland, he tried to rule in line with this principle. When he could not get Parliament to agree with his religious and foreign policies, he tried to rule without Parliament at all. For 11 years, he found ways in which to raise money without Parliament’s approval but eventually trouble in Scotland meant that he had to recall Parliament.

Key events:


#詹姆士一世 #伊莉莎白一世 #查理一世 #君權神授 #欽定版聖經 #愛爾蘭種植園 #阿爾斯特移民 #英國新教政府 #都柏林總督 #亨利八世 #議會崛起 #蘇格蘭英格蘭聯合 #愛爾蘭天主教 #詹姆士六世 #聖經翻譯 #佩爾外統治 #愛爾蘭國王 #倫敦公司土地分配 #十七世紀英國政治
作者: #李玟頵博士 #英國永居考試 #英國 #英國歷史 #羅馬人 #維京人 #諾曼人 #大英博物館 , #英語

https://youtu.be/jBJ5BRiCVp8 .

27/05/2025

UK3.3.2-3 [廣東話]英國永居考試 詹姆士一世 愛爾蘭 議會
3.3.4 詹姆士六世同埋一世
伊麗莎白一世一世人都冇結婚，所以冇仔女繼承王位。佢喺1603年過身後，繼位嘅係佢表親—蘇格蘭國王詹姆士六世。呢位國王同時做埋英格蘭國王，改稱號做詹姆士一世。要注意嗰陣時除咗蘇格蘭之外，威爾士同愛爾蘭仲係獨立國家。
《國王詹姆斯聖經》（欽定版聖經）
詹姆士一世有個重要政績，就係叫人重新翻譯英文版聖經。呢個譯本叫做「欽定版」或者「授權版本」，雖然唔係史上第一本英文聖經，但到今時今日仲有好多新教教會用緊。
3.3.5 愛爾蘭
嗰陣時愛爾蘭幾乎全民信天主教。由亨利七世到亨利八世期間，英國逐步擴大喺愛爾蘭嘅管治權（史稱「佩爾外的統治」），仲設立官方機構。亨利八世更自封「愛爾蘭國王」，強行推行英國法律，當地領袖仲要聽命於都柏林總督。
到伊麗莎白一世同詹姆士一世在位期間，愛爾蘭人因為唔妥英國新教政府搞出唔少叛亂。英國政府於是出招，鼓勵蘇格蘭同英格蘭嘅新教徒移民去愛爾蘭北部嘅阿爾斯特地區，冇收嗰度天主教地主嘅土地畀呢班新移民住。呢個政策叫做「種植園計劃」，好多新移民來自蘇格蘭西南部，部分土地仲分畀倫敦嘅公司管理。後尾詹姆士一世喺愛爾蘭其他地區照辦煮碗搞類似計劃，呢個政策對英蘇愛三地歷史影響深遠。
3.3.6 議會崛起
伊麗莎白一世好識管理議會，在位期間成功平衡自己意願同議會（上議院同越來越親新教嘅下議院）嘅意見。
不過詹姆士一世同佢個仔查理一世就冇咁叻玩政治。兩父子篤信「君權神授」（即係話國王係上帝直接委派，做乜都唔使問議會）。查理一世繼承英格蘭、威爾士、愛爾蘭同蘇格蘭王位後，試過硬推呢套統治方式。當議會唔肯批佢嘅宗教同外交政策時，佢索性唔開議會，用盡方法自己搵錢統治咗11年。不過後來蘇格蘭出事搞唔掂，逼住要召返議會幫手執手尾。
重要事件 :
#詹姆士一世 #伊莉莎白一世 #查理一世 #君權神授 #欽定版聖經 #愛爾蘭種植園 #阿爾斯特移民 #英國新教政府 #都柏林總督 #亨利八世 #議會崛起 #蘇格蘭英格蘭聯合 #愛爾蘭天主教 #詹姆士六世 #聖經翻譯 #佩爾外統治 #愛爾蘭國王 #倫敦公司土地分配 #十七世紀英國政治
作者: #李玟頵博士 #英國永居考試 #英國 #英國歷史 #羅馬人 #維京人 #諾曼人 #大英博物館 , #普通話 #粵語 #廣東話 #英語
https://youtu.be/-oxf1fFBhdc .

23/05/2025

UK3.3.1 [英語]英國永居考試 都鐸和斯圖亞特王朝Tudors and Stuarts [Life in UK Test]

3.3 The Tudors and Stuarts

3.3.1 Religious conflicts
After his victory in the Wars of the Roses, Henry VII wanted to make sure that England remained peaceful and that his position as king was secure. He deliberately strengthened the central administration of England and reduced the power of the nobles. He was thrifty and built up the monarchy’s financial reserves. When he died, his son Henry VIII continued the policy of centralising power.

King Henry VII
Henry VIII was most famous for breaking away from the Church of Rome and marrying six times. Henry VIII was king of England from 21 April 1509 until his death on 28 January 1547

The six wives of Henry VIII
Catherine of Aragon – Catherine was a Spanish princess. She and Henry had a number of children but only one, Mary, survived. When Catherine was too old to give him another child, Henry decided to divorce her, hoping that another wife would give him a son to be his heir.
Anne Boleyn – Anne Boleyn was English. She and Henry had one daughter, Elizabeth. Anne was unpopular in the country and was accused of taking lovers. She was executed at the Tower of London.
Jane Seymour – Henry married Jane after Anne’s ex*****on. She gave Henry the son he wanted, Edward, but she died shortly after the birth.
Anne of Cleves – Anne was a German princess. Henry married her for political reasons but divorced her soon after.
Catherine Howard – Catherine was a cousin of Anne Boleyn. She was also accused of taking lovers and executed.
Catherine Parr – Catherine was a widow who married Henry late in his life. She survived him and
married again but died soon after.

To divorce his first wife, Henry needed the approval of the Pope. When the Pope refused, Henry established the Church of England. In this new Church, the king, not the Pope, would have the power to appoint bishops and order how people should worship.

At the same time the Reformation was happening across Europe. This was a movement against the authority of the Pope and the ideas and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. The Protestants formed their own churches. They read the Bible in their own languages instead of in Latin; they did not pray to saints or at shrines; and they believed that a person’s own relationship with God was more important than submitting to the authority of the Church. Protestant ideas gradually gained strength in England, Wales and Scotland during the 16th century.

In Ireland, however, attempts by the English to impose Protestantism (alongside efforts to introduce the English system of laws about the inheritance of land) led to rebellion from the Irish chieftains, and much brutal fighting followed.

During the reign of Henry VIII, Wales became formally united with England by the Act for the Government of Wales. The Welsh sent representatives to the House of Commons and the Welsh legal system was reformed.

Henry VIII was succeeded by his son Edward VI, who was strongly Protestant. During his reign, the Book of Common Prayer was written to be used in the Church of England. A version of this book is still used in some churches today. Edward died at the age of 15 after ruling for just over six years, and his half-sister Mary became queen. Mary was a devout Catholic and persecuted Protestants (for this reason, she became known as ‘Bloody Mary’). Mary also died after a short reign and the next monarch was her half-sister, Elizabeth, the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn.

Elizabeth I was the younger daughter of Henry VIII

Queen Elizabeth I was a Protestant. She re-established the Church of England as the official Church in England. Everyone had to attend their local church and there were laws about the type of religious services and the prayers which could be said, but Elizabeth did not ask about people’s real beliefs. She succeeded in finding a balance between the views of Catholics and the more extreme Protestants. In this way, she avoided any serious religious conflict within England. Elizabeth became one of the most popular monarchs in English history, particularly after 1588, when the English defeated the Spanish Armada (a large fleet of ships), which had been sent by Spain to conquer England and restore Catholicism.

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https://youtu.be/ch06nctYFKQ.