09/12/2024
For the time of year that's ahead :)
It’s true, eating chocolate does make you happy! A clinical trial investigated the effects of a cocoa-rich chocolate on depression and sleep quality in menopausal women. In this triple blind, randomised clinical trial, 60 menopausal women between the ages of 45 and 65 were randomised to receive 78% dark chocolate (12 g/day) or milk chocolate with less than 2% cocoa (12 g/day) for eight weeks. The primary outcome was the depression score (Beck Depression Inventory-second edition (BDI-II)). Secondary outcomes included sleep quality and anthropometric indices.
Results showed that the mean depression score for the group receiving dark chocolate was significantly reduced, compared to the milk chocolate group (mean difference: -2.3; 95% confidence interval: -3.9 to -0.8; p = 0.003). However, no statistically significant difference in the overall sleep quality score and its subdomains was observed between the two groups after the intervention (p > 0.05). Furthermore, after the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of anthropometric indices, including weight (p = 0.075), BMI (p = 0.137), waist circumference (p = 0.463), and hip circumference (p = 0.114).
The results of this study are consistent with several others that have examined the effects of cocoa-containing products on depression or mood. In a cross-sectional study by Smith and coworkers involving 13,626 adult Americans, individuals who consumed dark chocolate were less likely to exhibit clinically relevant depressive symptoms. In a systematic review and meta-analysis by Gabbiadini and coworkers, nine clinical interventions were examined. Cocoa-rich products had a significant short-term effect on depressive symptoms. In a systematic review by Scholey and Owen, 5 out of 8 studies concluded that chocolate or its constituents positively affect mood. And finally, a clinical trial conducted by Natsume and coworkers found consuming a beverage containing cacao flavanols for eight weeks improved negative mood indicators (such as depression, fatigue, and irritability) and overall mood disturbance scores in middle-aged women.
For more information see https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39397049/