Anatomy and Physiology

06/03/2026

Plant-derived polyphenols may help counter neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration by targeting oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory genes, and pathways such as Akt and Nrf2, suggests this review.

Read the article in Frontiers in Pharmacology, a journal with an Impact Factor of 4.8 and a CiteScore of 8.9 ⬇️

05/03/2026

Have you got fatty liver?
https://www.facebook.com/share/v/1F7xekzNyE/

04/03/2026

The pathway of a superficial myofascial or sinew channel running from the head down to the upper limb on the posterior side of the body.

🔹 Overview
The diagram shows a posterior view of a female figure with a red highlighted pathway extending:
From the side of the head and jaw
Down the neck
Across the shoulder and scapular region
Along the posterior-lateral arm
Down to the wrist and hand
Text labels describe specific anatomical attachment or binding points along this pathway.

🔹 Key Anatomical Regions Highlighted

1️⃣ Head and Facial Region
)
The red pathway:
Binds at the mastoid process (behind the ear)
Connects to the mandible (jaw)
Reaches the outer canthus (lateral corner of the eye)
Extends toward the side of the head
A small branch enters the ear

This suggests involvement of structures related to:
Temporomandibular region (TMJ area)
Auricular structures
Lateral facial fascia

2️⃣ Neck Region
)
The pathway descends along the lateral and posterior neck, likely corresponding to:
Sternocleidomastoid fascia
Upper trapezius region
Deep cervical fascial planes

3️⃣ Scapular Region
The red triangular area over the upper back indicates that the structure:
Surrounds or anchors around the scapula
Likely corresponds to trapezius and scapular fascial attachments

4️⃣ Arm and Forearm:
The pathway continues down:
The posterior-lateral arm
Toward the elbow
Down the forearm
Into the wrist and hand

This suggests a continuous myofascial or connective tissue linkage from head to upper limb.

🔹 Educational Interpretation:
This image appears to represent a:
Myofascial line
Or a traditional medicine “sinew channel”**
Or a fascial continuity pattern**

It demonstrates how tension or dysfunction in one region (jaw, ear, scapula) may relate to symptoms along the arm or wrist through connective tissue continuity.

🔹 Clinical Relevance

This type of anatomical mapping may help explain:
TMJ-related neck pain
Referred shoulder pain
Upper limb fascial tension
Scapular dysfunction
Postural strain patterns
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. Medical Disclaimer:
This information is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a doctor if you experience persistent or concerning symptoms.

04/03/2026

O🧠 A**l Ca**l – Internal & External Sphincters

This image illustrates the anatomy and functional mechanism of the a**l sphincter complex, which plays a critical role in continence (control of bowel movements).

🦴 Key Anatomical Structures

🔹 Internal A**l Sphincter (IAS)
• Smooth muscle (involuntary)
• Formed by thickening of the circular muscle layer
• Maintains resting tone to prevent leakage

🔹 External A**l Sphincter (EAS)
• Skeletal muscle (voluntary)
• Divided into deep, superficial, and subcutaneous parts
• Provides conscious control during defecation

🔹 Puborectalis Muscle (Part of Levator Ani)
• Forms a sling around the re**um
• Maintains the recto-a**l angle, which is crucial for continence

🔄 Relaxed vs Contracted State

✔ Relaxed
• Re**um becomes more straight
• Facilitates defecation

✔ Contracted
• Re**um is acutely angled
• Helps maintain continence

The puborectalis sling plays a major role in changing this angle.

⚙️ How Continence Is Maintained

Continence depends on:
• Internal sphincter tone (involuntary)
• External sphincter contraction (voluntary)
• Recto-a**l angle (puborectalis)
• A**l cushions and mucosal folds
• Intra-abdominal pressure control

⸻

⚠️ Clinical Relevance

Dysfunction in any of these components may lead to:
• F***l incontinence
• Chronic constipation
• Pelvic floor dysfunction
• Re**al prolapse

💡 Key Takeaway

The a**l ca**l is not controlled by a single muscle — it is a coordinated system of smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, and pelvic floor support structures working together to maintain continence.

27/02/2026

🟢 The Gall Bladder Sinew Channel (TCM Myofascial Concept)

This illustration demonstrates the pathway of the Gall Bladder sinew channel (Jing Jin) as described in Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Unlike the primary meridian, the sinew channel represents the superficial myofascial and tendon network, influencing posture, lateral stability, and rotational control.

📍 Pathway Overview

🔹 Begins at the lateral aspect of the foot
🔹 Travels along the outer leg (peroneal region)
🔹 Passes the lateral knee and thigh
🔹 Connects at the sacral region
🔹 Ascends along the lateral trunk
🔹 Links near the breast and ribcage
🔹 Continues to the neck and jaw
🔹 Terminates near the outer canthus and vertex of the head

⸻

🔎 Functional Interpretation (Modern Perspective)

The pathway closely mirrors:

• Peroneal muscle chain
• IT band & lateral thigh fascia
• Gluteus medius & lateral hip stabilizers
• Oblique sling system
• Lateral cervical fascial line

This explains why dysfunction in this chain may present as:

⚠️ Lateral knee pain
⚠️ Hip instability
⚠️ Sacral tension
⚠️ TMJ or temporal headaches
⚠️ Ribcage restriction

⸻

🧠 Clinical Insight

The Gall Bladder sinew channel represents a lateral stabilizing system of the body.

When this chain becomes tight or inhibited, compensations can occur across the pelvis, spine, and cervical region.

Treating the body as an integrated fascial network often produces better results than isolated joint treatment.

⸻

📌 The body works in chains, not pieces.
Restore balance along the line — restore movement globally.

25/02/2026

I have long said that orthodox medicine has no concept of good health and only has parameters of normality and disease
This study might well be a first

18/02/2026

The image depicts the anatomy of the lower abdominal and inguinal region, focusing on the nerves of the lumbar plexus. The labeled structures include: A**lysis by the_drjoe

1. *Psoas muscle* – a major hip flexor located in the posterior abdominal wall.
2. *Iliohypogastric nerve* – originates from L1, supplies sensory innervation to the lower abdominal skin and motor fibers to abdominal muscles.
3. *Ilioinguinal nerve* – also from L1, provides sensation to the inguinal region, upper medial thigh, and ge***al area.
4. *Genitofemoral nerve* – arises from L1–L2, divides into:
- *Ge***al branch*: supplies the cremaster muscle and scrotal/labial skin.
- *Femoral branch*: provides sensation to the anterior thigh.
5. *External inguinal ring* – the superficial opening of the inguinal ca**l through which the ilioinguinal and ge***al branch pass.

The diagram shows the spatial relationship of these nerves as they course through the psoas muscle and exit toward the inguinal region, highlighting their distribution to the abdominal wall and lower extremity.”

- thedrjoe

Image: Authors

- - -

http://www.secretlifeoffascia.com/

10/02/2026

10/02/2026

Basal Ganglia: Control of Movement and Motor Learning

The basal ganglia are a group of deep brain nuclei involved in the regulation of voluntary movement, posture, and motor coordination. Major components include the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus, along with functional connections to the substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus.

Rather than initiating movement directly, the basal ganglia help refine motor activity, control movement intensity, and support habit learning. They work closely with the cerebral cortex and cerebellum to produce smooth, purposeful actions. Dysfunction in these circuits is linked to movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease.

07/02/2026

Sciatica can be more than disc impingement or piriformis syndrome
THE ISCHIOFEMORAL IMPINGEMENT ✍️

Ischiofemoral Impingement (IFI) is a rare cause of hip and buttock pain resulting from narrowing of the space between the ischial tuberosity (pelvis) and the lesser trochanter (femur). This constriction compresses the quadratus femoris muscle and occasionally the sciatic nerve. It is commonly seen in middle-aged women, often caused by developmental issues, hip arthritis, or post-operative changes.

01/02/2026

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