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DRUG INFORMATION CENTRE, RIPANS

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DRUG INFORMATION CENTRE, RIPANS

Drug Information Centre page is managed by the Dept. of Pharmacy, RIPANS. Any drug related queries will be answered with authenticated resources.

Mihring kan damsamloh nikhua a kan lam hmasak ber zing ami chu damdawi hi a ni awm e. Damdawi hi chi hrang hrang sing tel teh meuh a awm a, mihring natna enkawlna atante, natna zawnchhuahna (diagnosis) atan leh natna laka invenna atante damdawite chu hman a ni thin a. Natna thlentu leh mihring a zirin damdawi hman tur a awm hrang vek a, a hman dantur leh hman hunchhung pawh a inanglo thei a ni. Mizote hi damdawi hman chungchangah hian kan la fimkhur tawklo hle in a lang a. Mi in tha an tih leh an natna enkawlna atana an hman lo hman ve mai kan la ching viau niin a langa , a thalo takzet a ni. Mahse kawng lehlam atanga thlirin, hriselna lama hnathawktute awm mumallohna hmun tam tak a la awm avang leh chutiang mi han rawn mai tur an awmloh hunah hetiang hian midang sawi a innghatin damdawite kan eiin kan in ve leh ta mai thin pawh a ni awm e. Tin, khawpui zawka awmte leh doctor rawn theihna hmun a awmte pawhin damdawi ei kawngah kan la fimkhur tawklo hle a, a damdawi nihna leh hnathawh tak tak hrechianglo a damdawi chi tam tak ei thin pawh kan tam viau awm e. Drug Information Centre page-ah hian hriselna lama hnathawktu, doctor, pharmacist, nurse, damlo leh damlo enkawltute tan damdawi kaihhnawih a hriatchian duh an neih apiangah zawhna zawh theih a ni a. Page a wall-ah hian post mai thin tur a ni. Chutiang zawhna awm reng reng chu pharmaceutical, medical, scientific tak leh dik takin a zawttu leh a zawhna a zirin a rang thei angbera chhan zel thin a ni ang. Department of Pharmacy, Drug Information-ah hian clinical pharmacist/faculty incharge office hour chhungin an awm reng ang a. Khawvel a drug database thaber leh rintlakber pakhat Micromedex DRUGDEX software, American Hospital Formulary Society-Drug Information, website rintlak www.webmd.com leh lehkhabu tul ang ang hmangin zawhna te chu zirchiangin chhanna pek thin a ni ang. He page leh Drug Information Centre thil tum ber chu hriselna kawnga hmasawnna a ni a. Chumi kawnga hnathawktu zawng zawngte tana information tha leh rintlak chhawpchhuah a pharmacist-ten kan thiamna hman tangkai a, damdawi hman dan dik tak a hmang a, damdawi leh a kaihhnawih kan hriatna tizau tura hnathawh hi Drug Information Centre, RIPANS thil tum lian ber a ni.
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What is a drug information? Drug information refers to the provision of unbiased, well-referenced up-to-date information on different aspects of drug use. The information provided is carefully and critically evaluated. What is the focus area of drug information?
• Drug information specific to an individual patient or relative to a group of patients in the contexts of Prevention and Management of disease.
• Drug information needed for academic or research purposes.
• Drug information for patients and general public. Who can use the services of Drug Information Centre?
• Physicians and other specialty health care providers.
• Medical students
• Pharmacists.
• Nurses.
• Other health care professionals and students.
• Patients
• Public
What are the resources available?
• Primary resources: Access to different Bio Medical Journals.
• Secondary resource: DRUGDEX, Drug Information Database, MEDLINE
• Tertiary resources: AHFS Drug Information, necessary texts and books on various aspects of drug use. Who runs the Drug Information Centre? A well qualified Drug information pharmacist who is also a faculty in the Department of Pharmacy, RIPANS manages Drug information centre. Location:
The DIC is located in the basement floor of the academic block II, which is also the department of pharmacy building at RIPANS,Zemabawk, Aizawl.

03/08/2018

Damdawi Chungchang Kan Hriatfuh Tawkloh Thenkhat

*Pumpui Chakna*
Damdawi kan hman nasat ber zing ami chu Mizoten pumpui chakna kan tih mai hi a ni awm e. Pum thalo enkawlna atan hian damdawi chi hrang hrang, damlo dinhmun a zirin hman a ngai thin a, a ei hun, ei hunchhung leh ei dan tur pawh damlo leh damdawi a zirin a danglam nawk a ni. Pumpui chakna hi kan uarin kan ei nasa hle a, amaherawhchu mi tlanglawnin pumpui chakna ti a a hming kan vuah hi a dikhlel deuh a, Mizo tawng hi a la naupangin a la hausak tawkloh vang te pawh a ni ang pumpui chakna ti a kan sawi zingah hian pumpui a chaw paitawihna atana tangkai em em thur/acid (HCl) insiam tur dangtu proton pump inhibitor, pantoprazole, omeprazole, rabeprazole,etc ang chi leh pumpui thur pawlhdaltu antacids, sucralfate, magaldrate, aluminium hydroxide, etc a awm a, company brand kan hriatlar zingah chuan digene, ulgel, oxygel tih ang chi hi kan huam tir vek mai a. Pumpui chakna anga kan hriat miau avangin mi tam tak chuan chaw eikhamah te kan tlak leh pup mai thin. Anihna takah chuan pum thalo tan pum hnathawh, thur siamchhuah tihniamtu leh pawlhdaltu, pumpui hnathawh tichaklotu a ni zawk a, chu chu pum thalo nei tan a tangkai em em a ni a, heng damdawite hi kawruahlaia ei tura duan a ni (dexlansoprazole tihloh chu).
A hming pu zo leh dik chu pumpui chakna ti a kan sawi thin zing ami tho chaw paitawih puitu, digestive enzymes ho a ni thung a, chutiang erawh chu chaw eikham velah ei thin tur a, hei pawh hi a siamtu company a zirin sumdawnna hming hran hran an nei a ni.

*Nachhawkna*
Hei pawh hi kan hmang nasa khawp mai, nachhawkna tih mai chuan a huamzau thei em em a, paracetamol atang morphine thlengin a huam thei. Mi tlanglawnin nachhawkna kan tih mai hi chu NSAIDs damdawi ho hi a ni a, paracetamol, diclofenac, aceclofenac,etc te hi a ni. Hei pawh hi damlo leh a natna a zira hman tur a ni a, na zawng zawngah ei tur a ni chuanglo. A hnathawh kan duh lutuk a, na a awm reng kan duh silo pumnaah te mi thenkhat chuan ei mai kan ching thin, hetiang nachhawkna ho hi pumin a haw em em zawk tih hriat a tha hle a, pumna enkawlna atan chuan damdawi dang daih hman a ngai zawk thin. Tin NSAIDs nachhawkna tam zawk hi pumin a huat avangin kawruakah eiloh a him ber a, loh theihloh a kawruaka ei a ngai a nih chuan tui thianghlim no hnih/thum tal nen ei/in thin tur a ni. Tin tunlaiin mi tamtakin zu an in a, zu in tuk pentawng/hangover-ah paracetamol mi tam takin an ei thin a, thil thalo tak a ni, zu leh paracetamol hi thin tan a thalo em em a, hun inhnaih lutuk a miin a ei/in khan a thin tan a hlauhawm zual thin. Nachhawkna tlanglawn kan lei mai theih zingah hian rai lai tan emaw naupang leh pum thalo nei sa tan pawh paracetamol hi a him ber a ngaih a ni.

*Side Effect Awmlo*
Chanchinbu, Tv leh hmun dangah damdawi side effect awmlo tih kan hmu in kan hre fo awm e, tunlai science thiamna hmanga damdawi zirna, Allopathy thlirna atang chuan damdawi in hna a thawk a nih chuan taksaah engemaw nghawng dang a nei ngei ngei thin tih a ni. Side effect a awmloh chuan effect/hnathawh pawh a neilo tura ngaih a ni a, side effect awmlo ti a sawi thin hi chu a dikhlel deuh a, zirchianna a awmloh vang zawk pawh a ni thei. Allopathy damdawi reng reng (food supplement nilo) chu a damdawi hnathawh bakah nghawng thalo engemaw a neih palh theih thin avangin mipui hman theih a chhawpchhuah a nih hma in a kumsawm chuangte zirchian thin a ni a, a nghawng thalo tlem thei angber, hnathawk tha si, a dose dik thei angber, a hmandan tur dik thei angber leh tul dangte zirchian a nih vek hnuah chauh mipui hman theih a pawm thin a ni a, mipui hman theih a a awm hnuah pawh pharmacovigillance hmangin zirchianna neih a ni reng thin a, damdawi thenkhat chu an thatna laiah tha viau mahse a nghawng duhawmlo avangin hman phal tawhloh tak a awm a, tin a hmanna ber thlak danglam tak daih te a awm thin a ni.
Side effect awmlo tih thin hi chu a diklo a, side effect a awm hriat a nilo, zirchianna a awmlo tihin dawngsawng thin ila a tha zawk ang.

Hetiang ang damdawi ho hi thlai leh thildang chi hrang hrang atanga siam a ni tlangpui a, tha tak tak pawh a awm nual ngei ang, mahse fimkhur erawh a tha hle. Tin, damdawi pangngai a inenkawl mek kan nih chuan hetiang damdawi kan ei avang khan kan damdawi hman lai kha thlah chuanloh tur a ni.

*Chaw Eikhama Ei*
Damdawi hi nikhata vawikhat ei, vawihnih ei, vawi thum ei te a ni tlangpui a, nikhata vawihnih ei hi a tam ber a ni awm e. Engvangin nge hetia vawkhat aia tam ei a ngaih thin kan tih chuan a damdawi nihdanphung, thisena a luh hun leh a hnathawh hun chhung leh damlo natna a zira bithliah a nih thin vang a ni a, Mizote hian nikhatah vawihnih ei ngai a nih chuan tukthuan eikham leh zanriah eikhama ei turah hian kan ngai mai thin a, mahse chaw eikham ni mai lovin a darkar bi a ei thin zawk tur a ni, nikhatah vawi hniah a nih chuan darkar 12 danah, vawithum a nihin darkar 8 danah chutiang zel chuan. Hei hi a bikin natna hrik thahna atana hman antibiotics, antiviral, antiprotozoal leh antifungal hovah a pawimawh zual em em a, nachhawkna, vitamins, calcium leh damdawi thenkhat chu chaw eikham velah emaw kawruaklo a ei ngai ni mahse damdawi kan hman tamber zawk hi darkar bithliah a hman thin tur a ni, hei vang hi a ni damdawiin a awm nge nge chu hun biah tak damdawi min pe thin a, ngaih a tha kan tih thin hi. Hemi chungchanga mipui zirtirna tha pek kawngah hian damlo enkawltu doctor, pharmacist, nurse leh hriselna lama thawktu hrang hrangte pawhin tan la thar ila a lawmawm hle ang.

*Hritlang Damdawi*
Ziahlan tur tam tak awm mahse a tawpna atana pawimawh em em chu mi tam takin hritlang damdawi kan hriat dan leh kan hman dan chungchang hi a ni. Boruak inthlakthleng leh tlang hrileng avangin hritlang neih hi a awlsam em em a, hun engtik emaw atang khan Mizote hian antibiotics zinga tangkai tak pakhat Azithromycin hi hritlang damdawi hriatin kan hre tlat mai a, thil pawi tak a ni. A tula hman hun chu a awm ngei mai, mahse hritlang damdawi a nilo tih kan hriat a tha. Natna hrik, bacteria thattu damdawi tha tak a ni a, miin a chuap emaw a awmbawrah natna hrikin harsatna a thlen hunah chauh azithromycin emaw antibiotics damdawi dang hmanga enkawl tur a ni a, hritlang satliahah mi tam takin ei mai kan ching hi thil thalo tak a ni, hritlang enkawlna atan chuan a nat dan a zirin damdawi dang tha tak tak a awm. Tin, hritlang tam zawk hi virus natna hrik avanga awm a ni fo a, azithromycin emaw antibiotics hmanga in enkawl chi a ni lo a, taksa tihchak that a, taksa raldo khawl (immunity) tichak thei tura ei leh in leh thil danga inenkawl mai a tawk em em a ni. Tunlai a damlo enkawlna a harsatna thlen nasa em em chu kan tarlang tawh thin antibiotic resistance a ni a, Azithromycin diklo taka kan hman hian antibiotic resistance a tihluar zel thei a, hei vang hian natna hrik, azithromycin emaw antibiotic damdawi dangin in a tihhlum theihloh, enkawl harsa tak a thlen phahin a ti punlun zel thei a ni.

30/07/2018

THIL EISUAL
Thil eisual chungchang hi hriatthiam awlsam thei angber turin tawite han tarlang ila. Thil eisual hi awlsam zawngin chihnihin a then theih a, a hmasa zawk chu miin thil hlauhawm leh thianghlimlo, taksa tana pawi thlen thei a ei vang a ni a, bekang thianghlimlo ei emaw, pa ei chi nilo miin a eiin taksa a harsatna a thlen 0ang chi hi a ni, hetiang a nihloh vek pawhin miin tur emaw taksa tana pawi thei thil a lo ei a a lo in palh avanga harsatna ang chi hi a ni a, hetiang chi hi miin a ei leh in tam dan a zirin taksaah nghawng a nei thin a, damdawi leh damdawi kaihhnawih dang hmanga enkawlna tha a dawn leh dawnlohin taksa tana a pawi thlen chin a hril bawk.

Thil eisual dang leh chu miin a taksa in a taksa huat, a taksa in a pai ve theihloh thil a ei avanga harsatna lo thleng thin hi a ni a. Pathianin mihring hi inganglo vekin min duang a, mahse kan vaia taksaah hian khawl tha em em mai a dah a, chu khawl tha tak, taksa raldo khawl (immumnity) chuan taksa pawnlam thil taksa a kan lakluh reng reng kan thisen a luh rual rualin taksa tan a hlauhawm em, ral nge a nih a thian tha, natna thlen thei nge a nih chaw tha tiin a lo zirchiang vat a, natna hrik emaw taksa tana pawi thei a nih chuan a bei let ta thin a, taksa tan a tangkaiin a hlu em em a, taksa ral do khawl nei tha, immunity sang chu an hrisel nge nge thin a ni. Tin, natna leh taksa tana pawi thei inhliam, pem leh kang te a lo awmin hliam awmna hmunah heng raldo khawl hnathawh avang hian vung leh vual, thak a lo awm phah thin a a, hetizawnga a thawh kherloh pawhin khawsik, thawhah, taksa na them thumte leh thil dang dang a thlen tir thin a ni. Heti hian taksa raldo khawlte hian hnathawklo se chuan kan taksaah pem emaw hliam leh kang a awm tih kan hre theilo anga, natna hrikin min bei tih pawh kan hre theilo anga, inenkawl nachang hre lovin dam rei a har viau ang. Kan taksa tana hlu tak Immune System kan nei hi hlu tak a ni.

Mihring kan inanglo kan tih tawh kha, mi thenkhat vanduai bik an awm a, chutiang mi chuan an thil ei, midang tana chaw tha leh thil tui tak, an huat miahloh kha an hua a, kan tarlan ang hian an taksa raldo khawl khan pawnlam thil a nihna angin ral angin a lo bei let ta thin a, chutiang ang chu raldo khawl harhvang leh lutuk emaw dan pangngai aia nasa a hnathawh lo lang, immune hypersensitivity emaw hypersensitivity ti a sawi thin a ni a, allergy tih pawhin a sawi mai theih bawk. Chu allergy/hypersensitivity thlen tirtu langsar ber chu kan taksa a awm histamine leh a hruihhruaite an ni. He hypersensitivity vang hian tunhnaiah pawh Nabati hua an awm a, nabati-ah hian bawnghnute atanga siam a awm tel a, mi thenkhat bawnghnute a thil awm, protein chikhat alpha S-1 casein hua an awm a, chutiang miin bawnghnute leh a kaihhnawih a lo ei/in khan a taksa raldokhawl khan pawnlam thil, taksa tana pawi thei emaw tiin a lo bei let ta a, kan tarlan tak thak, vual, vung, thawhah te a lo awm phah thin a ni. Hetiang chiah hian mi thenkhat chu chakai ei thei miahlote, badam haw tlatte, bawnghnute telna tho chocolate huate, damlo tana tangkai em em damdawi, penicillin, cephalosporins huate, nachhawkna (NSAIDs) hua te an awm a. A hawtu, hypersensitivity/allergy neitu in a huat avang khan badam zawng zawng a hlauhawm tihna a nilo a, bawnghnute phei chu a tangkai zia sawi ngailo a ni a, penicillin leh nachhawknate pawh hman tawhloh tur tihna ni chuanglovin a tangkai em em zawk a ni.

Hetiang chiah hian tunhnai deuh a social media a kan thawn darh nasat em em Nabati chungchang pawh hi a ni, a hua/allergic tan chuan a thalo ngei mai, mahse Nabati a ni emaw Nalobati pawh ni se thil hlauhawmlo pui hlauhawm anga kan sawi chiam mai hi a thalo hle a, hman deuhah pawh sangha chungchangah thu thang diklo a awm vak tawh a, sanghate pawh a zirchian hun a zirin tur hlauhawm formalin awm zat kha a inanglo thin a, thla hmasa a kan test kha tun thla a kan sangha test result nen a inanglo duai thei a ni.

Khawvel changkan rualin Mizote pawh khawvel kan daizau ve zel a, ramdanga eitur chi hrang hrang pawh kan ei theih main a awm ve tan ta a, hetiangah hian ei leh in huat bik neih theih a ni a, kan tarlan tak hypersensitivity/allergy hi mihringah a hma a neilo pawhin a neih theih avangin kan fimkhur tlan a tha khawp mai a, tuna kan buaina ang hi kan la tawng leh nawk maithei a, he thu ziaktu ngei pawh hian hypersensitivity avang hian soft drink pakhat, a hma a ka huat ngai reng rengloh kha nikum Novenber thla atang khan ka haw ta tlat a, kha vang khan kha soft drink kha a hlauhawm ta viau a ni chuanglo. Tin damdawi tangkai tak, Paracetamol 500mg brand pakhat mumah natna hlauhawm virus a awm tithe in tghu a darh vak tawh kha, thu kan ngaithla in kan chhiar a, kan zawm emaw zawmlo emaw midang kan hrilh chhawng leh dawn a nih phei chuan chik takin zirchiang thin ila, da,mdawi leh natna kaihhnawih anih phei chuam hemi lama mithiamte rawn vat nachang hre thin ila a lawmawm ngawt ang.

05/06/2018

Drug Information Centre, RIPANS
Drug Information
DIAZEPAM

Basic Information:
A ngawl a vei theih em? Theih e, fimkhur takin, a tul hunah chauh hman tur a ni.
Doctor lehkha a ngai em? Ngai e, hetiang damdawite hi doctor chawhloh chuan ei reng rengloh tur a ni.
DRUG CLASS: Diazepam hi benzodiazepine damdawi zing ami a ni a.

A HMANNA Kaih damdawi, rilru lam natna enkawlna, tihrawl nachhawkna, zu vanga buai enkawlna atan hman a ni a, inzai dawnah te a tul dan a zira hman thin a ni bawk. Kan tarlan tak angin a ngawl vei theih bakah nghawng duhawmloh tak tak a thlen theih avangin hman khawloh chuan pawi thui tak thlen thei a ni tih hriat a tha hle.

ENGTIA HMAN TUR NGE: A mum a siam a ni thin a, tui thianghlim no khat nen ei thin tur a ni. Tin inchiu chi (injection) in a awm bawk a, a damdawi dose leh damlo dinhmun a zirin a zirin nikhatah vawikhat emaw vawihnih emaw a ai tam hman thin a ni. Doctor chawhlo chuan hman reng rengloh tur a ni a, a chawhtu chawh anga hman thin tur a ni. Thisen zam a chiu (Intravenous injection) a nih chuan muangchanga chiu tur a ni a, 5 mg/min aia chakin chiu loh tur a ni.

ENGTIANGA DAHTHAT TUR NGE? Hmun ro leh hul, ni in a em theihlohna hmunah, naupang khawih mai theihloh a dah tur a ni a, room temperature-ah dah mai thin tur a ni, fridge a dah a ngailo.

RAIPUAR TAN:
Doctor nen nu leh a naupai tana a hlauhawm leh hlauhawmloh uluk takin ngaihtuah a hman thin tur a ni. USFDA chuan nauteah ngawng duhawmlo tak a thlen theih avangin nu nunna in a tuar dawn emaw damdawi dang, a aiawhtu hman tur a awm nganglo a nihloh chuan hmanloh a him niin a tarlang.
Raipuar tana damdawi him leh himloh hi bithliah mumal tak USFDA chuan a siam a, raipuar leh a naupai tana a him leh himloh zirchianna a zirin hlawm hrang hrang pangaah damdawi chu dah a ni a, A,B,C,D leh X category a dah a ni. ‘A’ hnuai ami a him ber a ‘D’ hnuai ami a himlo ber thung, ‘X’ hnuaia damdawi dahte chu nauteah nghawng duhawmloh tak tak a neih theih avangin rai laiin nu nunna in a tuar dawn a nihloh chuan hman reng rengloh tur a ni.

NAU HNUTE PE LAI TAN:
Nu hnuteah diazepum te hi a lut thei a, naute in hnute kal tlangin damdawi a ei/in ve theih avangin fimkhur taka hman tur a ni.

ENG HUNA EI TUR NGE: Tarlan tawh angin damlo leh natna a zirin darkar bithliah mumal tak siama hman tur a ni a, tul zualpuiah hman nghal mai (Stat. dose) a ngaih chang a awm thin bawk.
Doctor emaw pharmacist thurawn la hmasalo chuan damdawi emaw damdawi kaihhnawih dang reng reng nen hman kawp loh tur a ni.
A NGHAWNG THALO AWM THEITE:
A nghawng thalo zingah thisen hniam/BP hniam, chauh ngawih ngawihna, mutchhuak, thawk mumallo a thlen theih langsar zualpui a ni a, a nghawng duhawmlo zualah chuan thisen var tlakchhamna a thlen thei bawk.

FIMKHUR NGAIHNATE
*Thin thalo nei nasaah hman loh tur.
*Lung lam thalo nei nasa tan hmanlo tur.
*Mit lam harsatna (narrow angle-glaucoma) mit bp sang neiah hman loh tur.
*Naupang thlaruk hnuai lamah hmanloh tur.
*Hetiang ang chi damdawi dang leh zu nen hman pawlh reng rengloh tur a ni.

K*M 60 CHUANG TAWH TAN: K*m upate hi thin, kal, lung leh thluak leh a kaihhnawih hnathawh puitling pangngai anga tha tawhlo an nih theih avangin fimkhur taka hman tur a ni a, an dinhmun a zirin a dose thlak danglam a ngai chang a awm thin a ni.

NAUSEN LEH NAUPANGAH Tarlan tak angin nausen thla ruk hnuai lamah hman loh tur a ni a, natna a zirin naupangah dose hrang hranga hman thin a ni, uluk takin a hnathawh leh a nghawng thalo awm theite zirchianga hman thin tur a ni.

REI TAK HMAN A PAWI EM? Pawi tehreng mai, miin tullo a rei tak a hman chuan a taksaah kan tarlan tak nghawng thalo tam tak a thlen thei a, a ngawl a vei thei hial a ni. Mizote zingah pawh tum reng vang leh hriat miahloh pawhin kan hmang sual nasa em em a, kan damdawi lam zin em em zinga Peptica-ah pawh hian diazepam a awm tel avangin, mi tam takin an hmang khawlo a, thalai tam takin damdawi ngawlveina bultanna atan an hmang a, nutling patling tam tak pawhin tul vaklovah kan hmawm nasa hle niin a lang. Fimkhur thar ang u.

DAMDAWI DANG NEN A INHAL EM? Damdawi dang nena hman kawpin nghawng thalo a awm thei nual a, chutiang zingah entirna tlemte- flumazenil, phenytoin, orlistat, etravirine, tramadol, fentanyl, calcifediol, metoclopramide, zolpidem, etc. Tlhuak lama hnathawk thei chi damdawi nen hman kawp dawnin fimkhur em em tur a ni.

Ref: - www.micromedexsolutions. com
-American Hospital Formulary Society, Drug Information
Drug Information Centre, Dept. of Pharmacy, RIPANS.
Note: Damdawi chanchin zawng zawng tarlan sen a nilo a, minawlpuiin kan hriatthiam thei turin a tlangpui tarlan a ni.
Damdawi chungchangah hriatchian duh kan nei a nih chuan whatsapp, sms leh email hmangin a hnuaia address-ah hian a biakpawh theih reng e.

8730955168/8119965258 dicripans@gmail.com

Drug Information Centre, Department of Pharmacy, RIPANS

23/05/2018

*Drug Information Centre, RIPANS*
Drug Information
*Disposal of Unused/ Expired Pharmaceutical Products (NFI guidelines)*

*Following steps are suggested for safe disposal of unused/not required/expired Pharmaceutical & Personal Care Products:*
*1.* Expired or near expiry or unused/not required PPCP in large quantity should be returned by Retail Chemists and Druggists/Pharmacies/Clinics/Hospitals/NGO involved in drug distribution to Wholesalers or stockists of manufacturer(s) who in turn will return the same to the location of the manufacturer where the products were manufactured, for proper disposal.
*2.* Expired/short expiry PPCP are received at the segregated area for Expired Goods/Market Returns in the Finished Goods Warehouse of the manufacturing location with proper documentation in compliance with Regulatory requirements under i) Drugs and Cosmetics Rules 1945 and amendments therein, ii) Central Excise/State Excise Laws- as applicable and iii) Local authority of Pollution Control Board of the State before under taking disposal of PPCP. Short expiry PPCP should be analyzed and if found satisfactory, could be used for treatment ensuring that it is consumed before expiration.
*3.* In the event of expired goods returned from overseas customers, appropriate documentation for disposal of PPCP should be provided to the custom authority at the importing port for Bill of Entry.
*4.* Finished Goods Warehouse receiving the PPCP shall inform Quality System/Quality Assurance authority of the organization for verification and appropriate documentation before undertaking disposal.
*5.* For small quantity of expired products in Clinics, Hospitals, Health Care Centers and Dispensaries, Pharmacist at the location should be assigned responsibility for disposal of PPCP. He/she should be trained for proper documentation and disposals as indicated below.
*6.* Disposal of expired retention samples of API, Excipients and that of Pharmaceutical dosage forms in the manufacturing unit or Testing laboratories should be assigned to a responsible Quality control person under supervision of Quality System/Quality Assurance ensuring appropriate documentation.
*7.* After compliance to administrative control procedure, the expired PPCP should be transferred to a segregated area under the control of Safety, Health and Environment department in the manufacturing location for undertaking disposal.

*Disposal Methods of Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products*
*Sorting of Materials:* Materials to be disposed off should be segregated. Different methods are employed depending on
*Type of dosage forms-* Tablets, Capsules, Powders, Injectables, Creams, Ointments, Liquids, Ampoules, Vials, Intravenous Infusions etc.
*Chemical nature of drugs e.g.* Antineoplastics/Anticancer, β-Lactams, Hormones, Steroids, Anti-infective, Narcotics, Antiseptics and Psychotropic substances etc. Tertiary (Printed/Labelled Corrugated Boxes) and Secondary (Printed Cartons/Paper box) packaging materials are removed and destroyed with the help of heavy duty paper shredder. The methods of disposal of various pharmaceutical dosage forms and that of specific category medicines are mentioned below.
*Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms*
1. *Tablets/Capsules:* Up to 50 tablets or capsules soak in about 100 ml of water and collect the same in a polyethylene bag containing used Tea/Coffee grind. Seal the bag and put in trash. Big quantity - Pulverize using heavy duty crusher. Collect in a poly bag and seal. Dispose it in high temperature incinerator (Temp. 850⁰C to 1200⁰C)/approved site for solid waste disposal by the Pollution Control Board of the State.
2. *Injectables -* ampoules/vials: Up to 50 Ampoules/Vials (up to 10 ml)-break ampoules/ open vials and collect liquid in a polyethylene bag containing used Tea/Coffee grind. Seal the bag and put in trash. For bigger quantity, use heavy duty crusher to separate liquid and dilute it with water and transfer it to Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) of the manufacturing unit. Broken glass/vials (after removal of label), rubber stoppers and seals should be disposed off as scrap. Powder Injectables (in Vials/Ampoules) to be disposed off in an incinerator as indicated above.
3. *Oral liquids and Intravenous fluids:* *Small quantity* – Dilute the liquid with water and drain it. For bigger quantity, dilute collected liquid with water and transfer it to ETP of the manufacturing unit.Liquids with high solid contents to be disposed off in an incinerator as indicated above.
4. *Semi solids:* Small quantity, mix it with used Tea/Coffee grind in a polyethylene bag. Seal the bag and put in a trash. Deshape the containers/remove the label and discard the containers. Semisolids in bigger quantity to be disposed off in an incinerator mentioned earlier. *Containers* - Tubes to be deshaped and remove the label from glass/plastic container before disposal as a scrap.
*Specific categories:*
1. *Anti-infectives-β-lactams:* Small quantity of all β-lactam antibiotics to be destroyed by soaking in 1N Sodium Hydroxide for 30 mins or 1% Hydroxylamine in Water for 10 mins and trash. Bigger quantity to be disposed off in an incinerator (Temp. 850⁰C to 1200⁰C) indicated above.
2. *Anti-infectives - others:*
Tetracyclines- Small quantity to be soaked in 10% of Calcium Hydroxide/any other Calcium salt in Water for 30 mins and trash. Macrolides- (Erythromycin, Clarithromycin etc.)-Small quantity, soak in 1N Hydrochloric Acid and trash. Amino glycosides ( Gentamycin, Amikacin etc.) - Small quantity dilute with large volume of water and drain it. Bigger quantity of all the above anti-infective should be disposed of in an incinerator as mentioned above.
3. *Steroids:* Small quantity- Soak in 1N Sodium Hydroxide for 30 mins and trash. Bigger quantity- all dosage forms (taken out from the primary packing materials) to be incinerated at the temperature range indicated above.
4. *Hormones:* Small quantity- Aqueous solution to be exposed to UV for 20 minutes and trash. Estrogens- small quantity in aqueous solution should be exposed to ultrasound at 0.6 and 2 kw in a sonicator for 60 mins. and trash. Bigger quantity- all solid dosage forms (taken out from primary packaging materials) to be incinerated as indicated above.
5. *Disinfectants:* Small quantity- use it. Bigger quantity- Not more than 50L. Dilute with enough quantity of water to ensure dilution with loss of activity and drain it in ETP. 6. Controlled substances: Small quantity- Flush down the toilet to avoid misuse. Bigger quantity- All dosage forms (take out from primary packaging material) to be incinerated as mentioned above. Disposal by incineration is preferred over chemical inactivation for all dosage forms/APIs.
For more details on drugs, please contact
8730955168/8119965258
(whatsapp)
dicripans@gmail.com
*Drug Information Centre Dept. of Pharmacy RIPANS*

22/05/2018

*Drug Information Centre, RIPANS*
Drug Information
*Medication Safety of PACLITAXEL*
*Precautions*
• Administration: Administer through in-line filter not greater than 0.22 microns.
• Cardiovascular: Hypertension, hypotension, or bradycardia may occur; vital sign monitoring is recommended, particularly in the first hour of infusion.
• Cardiovascular: Cardiac function monitoring recommended for patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving concurrent doxorubicin.
• Cardiovascular: Severe conduction abnormalities have been rarely reported; continuous cardiac monitoring required if occurs.
• Dermatologic: Injection site reactions, including extravasation, have been reported; monitoring recommended.
• Hematologic Myelotoxicity, primarily neutropenia, has been commonly reported; frequent monitoring is recommended for all patients; do not re-treat until neutrophil and platelet counts recover reduce dose of subsequent courses if severe neutropenia occurs.
• Hepatic: Myelotoxicity may be exacerbated in patients with serum total bilirubin greater than 2 times the ULN; dose reduction recommended.
• Neurologic: Peripheral neuropathy has been reported; dose reduction is required for severe symptoms.
• Preparation: Avoid contact of paclitaxel with polyvinyl chloride equipment or devices during preparation or storage.
• Reproductive: Drug can cause fetal harm; avoid pregnancy.

*Adverse Effects*
*Common*
• Dermatologic: Alopecia (55% to 96% )
• Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea (16% to 90% ), Inflammatory disease of mucous membrane (5% to 45% ), Nausea and vomiting, Any grade (9% to 88% )
• Hematologic: Anemia, Any grade (47% to 96% ), Leukopenia (90% ), Neutropenia, Any grade (78% to 100% ), Thrombocytopenia, Any grade (4% to 68% )
• Immunologic: Hypersensitivity reaction, Any grade (2% to 45% )
• Musculoskeletal: Arthralgia, Myalgia.
• Neurologic: Peripheral neuropathy, Any grade (42% to 79% )
*Serious*
• Cardiovascular: Atrial fibrillation, Cardiac dysrhythmia (less than 1% ), Cardiotoxicity, Congestive heart failure, Myocardial infarction, Supraventricular tachycardia.
• Dermatologic: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Toxic epidermal necrolysis.
• Gastrointestinal: Gastrointestinal perforation, Nausea and vomiting, Grade 3 or greater (10% to 29% )
• Hematologic: Anemia, Grade 3 or greater (2% to 34% ), Deep venous thrombosis, Febrile neutropenia (2% to 55% ), Neutropenia, Grade 4 (14% to 81% ), Thrombocytopenia, Grade 3 or greater (1% to 17% )
• Immunologic: Anaphylaxis, Hypersensitivity reaction, Grade 3 or greater (up to 4% ), Opportunistic infection (up to 76% ), Sepsis.
• Neurologic: Peripheral neuropathy, Grade 3 or greater (up to 10% ), Seizure, Tonic-clonic seizure (less than 1% ).
• Respiratory: Pulmonary embolism, Respiratory failure.

*Black Box Warning*
Intravenous (Solution)
• Anaphylaxis and severe hypersensitivity reactions characterized by dyspnea and hypotension requiring treatment, angioedema, and generalized urticaria have occurred in clinical trials.
• Fatal reactions have occurred in patients despite premedication, and all patients should be pretreated with corticosteroids, diphenhydramine, and H2 antagonists. Patients who experience severe hypersensitivity reactions to paclitaxel should not be rechallenged with the drug.
• Paclitaxel therapy should not be given to patients with solid tumors who have baseline neutrophil counts of less than 1500 cells/mm(3) and should not be given to patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma if the baseline neutrophil count is less than 1000 cells/mm(3). Monitor peripheral blood cell counts frequently.

*Monitoring*
• Evidence of tumor response may indicate efficacy.
• CBC; prior to initiating therapy and frequently during treatment including differential
• Vital signs; especially during first hour of infusion.
• Infusion site during administration for infiltration.
• Cardiac function; continuous cardiac monitoring in patients with history of serious conduction abnormalities.
Ref: www.micromedexsolutions.com
American Hospital Formulary Society (AHFS), Drug Information.
For more details on drugs, please contact:
8730955168/8119965258 (whatsapp)
dicripans@gmail.com
*Drug Information Centre, Dept. of Pharmacy, RIPANS*

21/05/2018

*Drug Information Centre, RIPANS*
Drug Information
*Monitoring parameters of certain antibiotics*
*Tigecycline*
• Improvement in symptoms of infection may indicate efficacy.
• Appropriate specimens for bacteriological examination and sensitivity testing; during initiation and for suspected relaps.
• Relapse of infection in all infected patients, more frequently in patients with Acinetobacter infections.
• Treatment response in patients with severe (Child Pugh C) hepatic impairment.
• Hepatic function in patients with abnormal liver function tests during treatment.• Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea if diarrhea occur.

*Colistimethate Sodium*
• Cultures and sensitivities may indicate efficacy.
• Improvement in clinical signs and symptoms of infection may indicate efficacy.
• Renal function: In elderly patients.
• Clinical monitoring for toxicity: In pediatric patients.

*Piperacillin Sodium*
• Fever.
• CBC with differential.
• Symptomatic improvement.
• Renal function and serum electrolytes, especially in patients who may have low potassium reserves.
• Liver function.

*Azithromycin*
• Symptomatic improvement
• Fever
• CBC.
• Hepatic function (history of hepatic impairment)

*Ceftrioaxone Sodium*
• Fever
• Symptomatic improvement
• CBC
• Hepatic/renal function.
• Previous hypersensitivity to other beta-lactam antibiotics.
• signs of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, other superinfections.

*Amoxicillin*
• CBC to monitor for therapeutic response; culture and susceptibility tests during treatment, if appropriate, to properly monitor for therapeutic effect and bacterial resistance; clinical and/or bacteriological follow-up after discontinuation of therapy may be necessary.
• Resolution of signs and symptoms of bacterial infection is indicative of efficacy.
• Renal function; may consider in geriatric patients.

*Gentamicin Sulfate*
• Resolution of infection is indicative of efficacy
• Peak concentration (adults, traditional dosing): 4 to 6 mcg/mL; avoid prolonged peaks above 12 mcg/mL.
• Peak concentration (pediatric patients, traditional dosing): 5 to 12 mcg/mL; avoid prolonged peaks above 12 mcg/mL.
• Peak concentration (pediatric patients, once-daily dosing): peak/MIC ratio greater than 10:1 or peak of 20 to 25 mcg/mL.
• Peak concentration (bacterial endocarditis in pediatric patients, every 8 hours dosing): 3 to 4 mcg/mL.
• Trough concentration (traditional dosing): 2 mcg/mL or less.
• Trough concentration (pediatric patients, once-daily dosing or treatment of bacterial endocarditis): less than 0.5 to 1 mcg/mL.
• Renal function (BUN, serum creatinine, CrCl); especially in elderly or renally impaired patients, or with higher doses or prolonged duration of therapy.
• Microscopic urinalysis; for proteinuria, decreased specific gravity, and presence of cells or casts.
• Serial audiograms and vestibular function; especially in renally impaired patients or during prolonged therapy.

*Amikacin Sulfate*
• Resolution of clinical signs and symptoms of infection is indicative of efficacy.
• Peak (30 minutes after injection) and trough (just prior to next dose) amikacin serum concentrations : Every 2 days or daily if there are changes in treatment regimen or renal function.
• Pulmonary TB with negative initial cultures, acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear and culture from sputum: Obtain at least monthly until 2 consecutive culture specimens are negative.
• Pulmonary TB with negative initial cultures, chest x-rays: Perform after 2 to 3 months of treatment in patients and at end of treatment.
• Pulmonary TB with positive initial cultures, AFB smear and culture from sputum: Obtain more frequently (eg, every 2 weeks) until two consecutive specimens are negative.
• Pulmonary TB with positive initial cultures, chest x-rays: Repeat radiographs after 2 months of treatment and at completion of treatment are useful but not required.
• Kidney function (BUN, serum creatinine, or creatinine clearance), especially in the elderly, in patients with known or suspected renal impairment, and in those receiving high doses or prolonged therapy: Prior to starting therapy and periodically during therapy.
• Urinalysis for specific gravity, protein, and presence of cells or casts: Prior to and periodically during therapy.
• Serial audiograms and vestibular function, particularly in those with preexisting renal impairment or in patients who receive amikacin at higher doses or for prolonged period.

For more details on drugs, please contact *Drug Information Centre, RIPANS*
873095168/8119965258 (whatsapp)
dicripans@gmail.com

Address

Dept. Of Pharmacy. Academic Block II. RIPANS
Aizawl
796017

Telephone

8730955168

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