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22/09/2025

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) – Treatment & Food Precautions

21/09/2025

🦠 Brain-eating amoeba (Naegleria fowleri)
Scientific name: Naegleria fowleri
Symptoms and treatment

17/09/2025

Based on the “Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria – 2013” guidelines from the Directorate of National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP), the malaria treatment protocol in India is summarized below:

General Principles

Early diagnosis using microscopy or Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT).

Presumptive chloroquine treatment is discontinued.

Treat only confirmed cases with full therapeutic doses.

PQ (Primaquine) is contraindicated in pregnancy and children under 1 year.

Treatment by Species

1. P. vivax

Chloroquine (CQ): 25 mg/kg over 3 days

Day 1: 10 mg/kg

Day 2: 10 mg/kg

Day 3: 5 mg/kg

Primaquine (PQ): 0.25 mg/kg daily × 14 days

To prevent relapse (radical cure)

Not in infants, pregnant women, or G6PD deficient persons

2. P. falciparum

North-Eastern states:

ACT-AL (Artemether 20 mg + Lumefantrine 120 mg)

Twice daily × 3 days (dose depends on body weight)

PQ: 0.75 mg/kg single dose on day 2

Other states:

ACT-SP (Artesunate × 3 days + Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine on day 1)

PQ: 0.75 mg/kg single dose on day 2

Pregnancy

1st trimester: Quinine 10 mg/kg × 3/day for 7 days

2nd & 3rd trimester: Area-specific ACT

3. Mixed (P. vivax + P. falciparum)

ACT (area specific) + Primaquine 0.25 mg/kg/day for 14 days

NE states: ACT-AL + PQ 14 days

Other states: ACT-SP + PQ 14 days

4. P. ovale / P. malariae

Rare in India

P. ovale - treat as P. vivax

P. malariae - treat as P. falciparum

Severe / Complicated Malaria

Emergency — treat immediately, then refer

Parenteral therapy (≥48 hours): choose one

Artesunate 2.4 mg/kg IV/IM (at 0, 12, 24 h, then daily)

Artemether 3.2 mg/kg IM day 1, then 1.6 mg/kg/day

Arteether 150 mg IM daily × 3 days (adults only)

Quinine 20 mg/kg IV loading then 10 mg/kg 8 hourly

Follow-up after parenteral:

If started on quinine - continue oral quinine + doxycycline/clindamycin to complete 7 days

If started on artemisinin -give full 3-day oral ACT course

Add PQ single dose on day 2 (if not pregnant or 24 h, convulsions, confusion, continuous vomiting, severe anemia, jaundice, dehydration, bleeding, shock, coma, renal failure, etc.

Chemoprophylaxis (selected groups only)

Short term (8 yr)

Long term (>6 weeks): Mefloquine 250 mg weekly (5 mg/kg in children)

Start before entering and continue after leaving malarious areas

Not for pregnant women (esp. 1st trimester) or young children

11/09/2025

TB treatment protocol based on the Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) daily FDC regimen schedule
Now National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme
Introduction:
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease mainly affecting the lungs. follows a standardized treatment regimen using Fixed Dose Combination (FDC) drugs to improve adherence and reduce drug resistance.

Treatment Phases

1. Intensive Phase (IP):

Duration: 56 doses (approx. 2 months)

Drugs: HRZE (4 FDC) — each tablet contains

Isoniazid (H) – 75 mg

Rifampicin (R) – 150 mg

Pyrazinamide (Z) – 400 mg

Ethambutol (E) – 275 mg

Purpose: Rapid killing of actively multiplying TB bacilli.

Tablets per day based on weight (Adults):

25–34 kg for 2 tabs

35–49 kg for 3 tabs

50–64 kg for 4 tabs

65–75 kg for 5 tabs

75 kg for 6 tabs

2. Continuation Phase (CP):

Duration: 112 doses (approx. 4 months)

Drugs: HRE (3 FDC) — each tablet contains

Isoniazid (H) – 75 mg

Rifampicin (R) – 150 mg

Ethambutol (E) – 275 mg

Purpose: Eliminate dormant bacilli and prevent relapse.

Tablets per day based on weight (Adults):

25–34 kg for 2 tabs

35–49 kg for 3 tabs

50–64 kg for 4 tabs

65–75 kg for 5 tabs

75 kg for 6 tabs

Pediatric Regimen (

10/09/2025

Shake Test for Freeze-Sensitive Vaccines

The Shake Test is a simple, practical method used to detect freeze damage in freeze-sensitive vaccines such as Pentavalent, DPT, PCV, Td, and Hepatitis B. These vaccines lose their potency if exposed to freezing temperatures, making them ineffective. The shake test helps health workers quickly check whether a suspected vial is safe to use or must be discarded.

When should we perform the shake test?
It should be done whenever there is any suspicion that a vaccine vial may have been frozen. This ensures that only potent and safe vaccines are administered to the community.

How is the shake test performed?
The process involves four simple steps:

Prepare the control vial: Take a vial of the same vaccine, label it as “Control,” and freeze it solid at minus 20°C overnight.

Thaw the control vial: Remove it from the freezer the next day and let it thaw completely.

Shake the vials: Hold both the suspected test vial and the control vial together between your thumb and forefinger. Shake them vigorously for about 10–15 seconds.

Compare sedimentation: Place both vials on a flat surface for 30 minutes. Observe the rate of sedimentation of particles in the liquid.

How do we interpret the results?

If the sedimentation in the control vial is faster than the test vial, the test vial passes and is safe to use.

If the sedimentation in the control vial is equal to or slower than the test vial, the test vial fails and must be discarded.

The shake test is an essential tool in vaccine management. By ensuring that only potent vaccines are given, it protects both public health programs and community trust in immunization services.

05/09/2025

Magnesium Sulfate is drug of choice(Loding and Maintenance dose)

31/08/2025

Anaphylaxis Kit – Preparation & Contents

Availability: Must be checked with the ANM (Auxiliary Nurse Midwife) at every session site before starting immunization.

Kit Contents:

Adrenaline (1:1000) injection – 1 ml ampoule × 3

Dose chart by age/weight must be attached.

Syringes – Tuberculin syringe 1 ml × 3

Needles – 24G/25G × 3

Swabs – 3 (for cleaning site)

Contact details – Updated information of DIO, MO, PHC/CHC & local ambulance services.

Adrenaline administration record slip – to record dose given in case of emergency.

Job-aid – Guideline sheet for quick reference during an emergency.

Adrenaline Dose for Anaphylaxis (as per AEFI Guidelines)

Drug: Adrenaline (Epinephrine) 1:1000 solution (1 mg/ml).

Route: Intramuscular (IM) injection, preferably in the anterolateral thigh.

Dose: 0.01 ml/kg body weight (equivalent to 0.01 mg/kg).

Maximum single dose:

Children: up to 0.3 ml (0.3 mg)

Adults: up to 0.5 ml (0.5 mg)

Repeat every 5–15 minutes if symptoms persist.

Steps to Ready Anaphylaxis Kit

Place all items (adrenaline ampoules, syringes, needles, swabs, dose chart, contacts, record slip) in a labeled box/bag.

Check expiry dates of adrenaline ampoules before each session.

Ensure contact numbers of higher health officials & ambulance are updated.

Keep kit easily accessible at immunization site.

Train ANM/staff on correct adrenaline dose and injection technique.

30/08/2025

7 Signs You Need More Vitamin D

28/08/2025

Emergency Awareness: Save a Life in Just 60 Seconds

26/08/2025

ETAT Protocol for Infants at Sub-centres

The Emergency Triage, Assessment, and Treatment (ETAT) protocol is designed to provide rapid and effective care for sick infants. At Health and Wellness Centre (HWC) Sub-centres, resources are limited, but healthcare providers can still follow a simplified ETAT protocol to save lives.

Step 1: Assessment
Begin by assessing the infant’s general condition. Check breathing, circulation, and level of consciousness. Measure vital signs, including heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, and oxygen saturation if available. Look for danger signs such as difficulty breathing, bluish skin, or altered consciousness.

Step 2: Triage
Based on assessment, classify infants into three categories:

Emergency: Life-threatening conditions like severe respiratory distress, dehydration, or altered consciousness.

Urgent: Require prompt care but are not immediately life-threatening.

Non-urgent: Stable infants who can wait for routine care.

Step 3: Basic Treatment
Provide immediate interventions as needed. Give oxygen therapy if the infant has severe respiratory distress. Establish IV or intraosseous access if possible for fluids or medicines. For dehydration, provide hydration or oral rehydration. Administer prescribed medications for specific conditions.

Step 4: Monitoring
Continuously monitor the infant’s vital signs and response to treatment. Adjust interventions as required.

Step 5: Referral
If the condition cannot be managed at the sub-centre, arrange timely referral to a higher-level healthcare facility. Ensure the family understands the urgency and need for referral.

Step 6: Documentation
Accurately record assessment findings, treatment given, and infant’s response.

Step 7: Continuing Education
Healthcare providers should undergo regular training to strengthen skills in pediatric emergency care

21/08/2025

National Viral Hepatitis Control Program (NVHCP) is a government program that provides free testing, treatment, and follow-up for Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C.

20/08/2025

Adolescent Health Program, services focus on prevention, treatment, and timely

Address

Malda Station Road
Area

Telephone

+917063295301

Website

http://www.linkedin.com/in/dr-asraf-siddique-29538417a

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