X Meat - Fat - Sugar

19/10/2021

Amsterdam is aiming to ban new fast food outlets around schools now that the council has committed to a City Deal for a ‘healthier and sustainable food environment’, the Parool reported at the weekend.

Read more at DutchNews.nl:

16/09/2021

Lower fat diet less Alzheimer's disease

Epidemiological data show correlations between hypercholesterolemia and Alzheimer's disease (AD)

Epidemiological data show correlations between hypercholesterolemia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We test the hypothesis that hypercholesterolemia modulates Abeta deposition in mice overexpressing the human APP695 Swedish mutation (K670N and M671L) (TgAPPsw). Feeding mice a high fat/high cholesterol...

11/08/2021

Reflux
What it is & what to do about it

Eat Better 2 Be Better
It's Your Diet!

Contact Dr. Rutledge @ DrR@clos.net

Follow Dr. Rutledge on Facebook ://www.facebook.com/DrRutledge/or Join one of our online groups:https://www.facebook.com/groups/MiniGastricB...

20/09/2020

Intermittent Fasting for Twelve Weeks Leads to Increases in Fat Mass (Obesity) and Hyperinsulinemia

Munhoz AC, Vilas-Boas EA, Panveloski-Costa AC, et al. Intermittent Fasting for Twelve Weeks Leads to Increases in Fat Mass and Hyperinsulinemia in Young Female Wistar Rats. Nutrients. 2020;12(4):1029. Published 2020 Apr 9. doi:10.3390/nu12041029

Fasting is known to cause physiological changes in the endocrine pancreas, including decreased insulin secretion and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.

However, there is no consensus about the long-term effects of intermittent fasting (IF), which can involve up to 24 hours of fasting interspersed with normal feeding days.

In the present study, we analyzed the effects of alternate-day IF for 12 weeks in a developing and healthy organism.

24-hour fasts intercalated with 24-hours of free access to free food

Surprisingly, IF also elevated plasma insulin concentrations, both at baseline and after glucose administration collected during oGTT.

After 12 weeks of dietary intervention, pancreatic islets displayed increased ROS production and apoptosis.

Despite their lower body weight,
IF animals had increased fat reserves and decreased muscle mass.

Taken together,
these findings suggest that
alternate-day IF
promote β -cell dysfunction,
especially in developing animals.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32283715/

20/09/2020

Skipping Breakfast => Obesity (Fat Gain)

The present findings suggest that leptin resistance is responsible for
DF-induced obesity and metabolic disorders, and that the

circadian fluctuation of central leptin sensitivity might be involved in leptin resistance induced by DF,

metabolic disorders often depend on the time of feeding.

Feeding at unusual times of the day is thought to be associated with obesity and metabolic disorders in both experimental animals and humans.

We showed that
time-imposed feeding
during the sleep phase
(daytime feeding, DF)
**induces obesity and metabolic disorders
compared with mice
fed only during the active phase
(nighttime feeding, NF).

Mice under DF gained more weight and adiposity compared with mice under NF,

and developed hyperleptinemia and hypothermia.

We found that six days of DF abolished exogenous leptin-induced hypophagia and reduction in body weight in mice.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30084652/

20/09/2020

DO NOT SKIP BREAKFAST

==> Skipping Breakfast => Obesity (Fat Accumulation Breakfast skipping and its relation to BMI and health-compromising behaviours among Greek adolescents.

Public Health Nutr. 2011;14: 101–108. 10.1017/S1368980010000765 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

36. Wennberg M, Gustafsson PE, Wennberg P, Hammarström A.

+> Poor breakfast habits in adolescence predict the metabolic syndrome in adulthood.

Public Health Nutr. 2015;18: 122–129. 10.1017/S1368980013003509 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

37. Bi H, Gan Y, Yang C, Chen Y, Tong X, Lu Z.

+> Breakfast skipping and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of observational studies.

Public Health Nutr. 2015;18: 3013–3019.
10.1017/S1368980015000257 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

38. Cahill LE, Chiuve SE, Mekary RA, Jensen MK, Flint AJ, Hu FB, et al.

+> Prospective study of breakfast eating and incident coronary heart disease in a cohort of male US health professionals.

Circulation. 2013;128: 337–343. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001474 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

13/09/2020

Conclusions: Higher mortality is associated with sugar-sweetened beverages

BMC Med 2020 Apr 24;18(1):97. doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01554-5.
The associations of sugar-sweetened, artificially sweetened and naturally sweet juices with all-cause mortality in 198,285 UK Biobank participants: a prospective cohort study
Jana J Anderson 1, Stuart R Gray 2, Paul Welsh 2, Daniel F Mackay 1, Carlos A Celis-Morales 2, Donald M Lyall 1, John Forbes 3, Naveed Sattar 2, Jason M R Gill 2, Jill P Pell 4
Affiliations expand
PMID: 32326961 PMCID: PMC7181499 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01554-5
Free PMC article
Abstract
Background: Recent efforts to address the obesity epidemic have focused on sugar consumption, especially sugar-sweetened beverages. However, sugar takes many forms, is only one contributor to overall energy consumption and is correlated with other health-related lifestyle factors. The objective was to investigate the associations with all-cause mortality of sugar- and artificially sweetened beverages and naturally sweet juices.

Methods: Setting: UK Biobank, UK. Participants joined the UK Biobank study from 2006 to 2010 and were followed up until 2016; 198,285 men and women aged 40-69 years were eligible for this study (40% of the UK Biobank), of whom 3166 (1.6%) died over a mean of 7 years follow-up.

Design: prospective population-based cohort study. Exposure variables: dietary consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, naturally sweet juices (100% fruit/vegetable juices) and total sugar intake, self-reported via 24-h dietary assessment tool completed between 2009 and 2012.

Main outcome: all-cause mortality. Cox regression analyses were used to study the association between the daily intake of the above beverages and all-cause mortality. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic, economic, lifestyle and dietary confounders.

Results: Total energy intake, total sugar intake and percentage of energy derived from sugar were comparable among participants who consumed > 2/day sugar-sweetened beverages and > 2/day fruit/vegetable juices (10,221 kJ/day versus 10,381 kJ/day; 183 g versus 190 g; 30.6% versus 31.0%). All-cause mortality was associated with total sugar intake (highest quintile adj. HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.06-1.55) and intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (> 2/day adj. HR 1.84, 95% CI 1.42-2.37) and remained so in sensitivity analyses. An association between artificially sweetened beverage intake and mortality did not persist after excluding deaths in the first 2 years of follow-up (landmark analysis) nor after excluding participants with recent weight loss. Furthermore, the inverse association between fruit/vegetable juice intake and mortality did not persist after additional adjustment for a diet quality score.

Conclusions: Higher mortality is associated with sugar-sweetened beverages specifically. The lack of an adverse association with fruit/vegetable juices suggests that source of sugar may be important and the association with artificially sweetened beverage may reflect reverse causation.

Keywords: Diet; Fruit juice; Mortality; Sugar; UK Biobank.

13/09/2020

high intake of dietary AGE may contribute to increased breast cancer.

Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020 Jul;13(7):601-610. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-19-0457. Epub 2020 Mar 13.
Dietary Advanced Glycation End-products (AGE) and Risk of Breast Cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO)
Omonefe O Omofuma 1, David P Turner 2, Lindsay L Peterson 3, Anwar T Merchant 1, Jiajia Zhang 1, Susan E Steck 4
Affiliations expand
PMID: 32169887 PMCID: PMC7335328 (available on 2021-01-01) DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-19-0457
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases including cancer. AGEs are produced endogenously but can also be consumed from foods. AGE formation in food is accelerated during cooking at high temperatures. Certain high fat or highly processed foods have high AGE values. The objective of the study was to assign and quantify Nϵ-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML)-AGE content in food and investigate the association between dietary AGE intake and breast cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. The study included women enrolled in the intervention arm who were cancer-free at baseline and completed a baseline questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire (DQX). CML-AGE values were assigned and quantified to foods in the DQX using a published AGE database. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of breast cancer among all women, and stratified by race/ethnicity, invasiveness of disease, and hormone receptor status. After a median 11.5 years of follow-up, 1,592 women were diagnosed with breast cancer. Higher CML-AGE intake was associated with increased risk of breast cancer among all women (HRQ5VSQ1, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.04-1.62; P trend = 0.04) and in non-Hispanic white women (HRT3VST1, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.02-1.44). Increased CML-AGE intake was associated with increased risk of in situ (HRT3VST1, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.11-2.01) and hormone receptor-positive (HRT3VST1, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01-1.53) breast cancers. In conclusion, high intake of dietary AGE may contribute to increased breast cancer.

©2020 American Association for Cancer Research.

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases including cancer. AGEs are produced endogenously but can also be consumed from foods. AGE formation in food is accelerated during cooking at high temperatures. Certain high fat or highly processed f...

13/09/2020

Conclusions: Dietary AGEs play a role in the development of breast cancer.

Cancer 2020 Jun 1;126(11):2648-2657. doi: 10.1002/cncr.32798. Epub 2020 Feb 25.
Dietary advanced glycation end products and the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study
Lindsay L Peterson 1, Seho Park 2 3, Yikyung Park 2, Graham A Colditz 2, Narges Anbardar 4 5, David P Turner 5
Affiliations expand
PMID: 32097496 PMCID: PMC7220830 (available on 2021-06-01) DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32798
Abstract
Background: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are reactive metabolites produced as a by-product of sugar metabolism and are consumed through the diet in high-fat and highly processed foods. They are associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, and evidence suggests that they play a role in carcinogenesis. The authors evaluated the association of dietary AGE intake and the risk of postmenopausal invasive breast cancer.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 183,548 postmenopausal women in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. The main outcome was incident invasive breast cancer. AGE intake was estimated from food-frequency questionnaires. Incident breast cancer cases were identified through state cancer registries. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals for developing breast cancer according to AGE intake quintiles. Multivariable regression models were adjusted for breast cancer risk factors.

Results: The mean follow-up was 12.8 years, and 9851 breast cancers (1978 advanced stage) were identified. The median AGE daily intake was 5932 kilo units per 100 kilocalories (KU/1000 kcal).

Women with higher intake tended to have lower education levels, higher body mass index, less physical activity, were current smokers, and

==>> had higher fat and meat intake.

The highest quintile of AGE intake (compared with the lowest) was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02-1.16; P = .03) after adjusting for breast cancer risk factors and particularly was associated with 37% of advanced-stage tumors (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.09-1.74; P < .02) after adjusting for risk factors and fat and meat intake.

Conclusions: Dietary AGEs may play a role in the development of postmenopausal breast cancer.

Keywords: advanced glycation end products; breast cancer; cancer prevention; diet; lifestyle modification.

Dietary AGEs may play a role in the development of postmenopausal breast cancer.

13/09/2020

Advanced Glycation End Products in Foods and a Practical Guide to Their Reduction in the Diet

Modern diets are largely heat-processed and as a result contain high levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs).

Dietary advanced glycation end products (dAGEs) are known to contribute to increased oxidant stress and inflammation, which
are linked to the recent

epidemics of diabetes

and cardiovascular disease.

Dry heat promotes new dAGE formation by >10- to 100-fold above the uncooked state across food categories.

==>> Animal-derived foods that are high in fat and protein are generally AGE-rich and prone to new AGE formation during cooking.

==>> In contrast, vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and milk contain relatively few AGEs, even after cooking.

Modern diets are largely heat-processed and as a result contain high levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Dietary advanced glycation end products (dAGEs) are known to contribute to increased oxidant stress and inflammation, which are linked ...

13/09/2020

Healthy Eating Index (HEI)

In summary, the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2005) was

=> inversely associated with risk of major chronic disease, including

=> CHD, stroke, diabetes, and total cancer.

Thus, greater adherence to the 2005 Guidelines may
=> reduce risk of major chronic disease.

The AHEI-2010, which
explicitly emphasizes high intakes of
=> whole grains, PUFA,
=> nuts, and
=> fish and
***reductions*** in
=> red and processed meats,
=> refined grains, and
=> sugar-sweetened beverages,
associated with lower risk of chronic diseases;

Selecting
the **healthiest choices** within each food group,
=> specifically

high-quality:
==> grains (whole vs. refined grains) and
==> protein sources (nuts/beans/fish vs. red/processed meats), and

encouraging greater intake of PUFA
and
reducing intake of sugar-sweetened beverages.

Adherence to dietary guidelines that include such modifications could potentially reduce risk of chronic disease even further, especially CHD and diabetes.

Abstract. The Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005) measures adherence to the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, but the association between the HEI-2005 an