10/08/2025
Xanthomas are fatty deposits that build up under the skin, appearing as yellowish or orange-colored lumps or plaques. They are typically composed of lipid-laden macrophages (foam cells) and are often associated with lipid metabolism disorders, though they can also occur in other conditions.
🔍 Causes of Xanthomas
Xanthomas usually indicate an underlying lipid disorder, such as:
Familial hypercholesterolemia
Hypertriglyceridemia
Diabetes mellitus
Primary biliary cholangitis
Hypothyroidism
Nephrotic syndrome
🧬 Types of Xanthomas
Type Description Common Locations
Xanthelasma Flat, yellowish plaques Eyelids
Tuberous xanthomas Firm, painless nodules Elbows, knees, buttocks
Tendinous xanthomas Nodules on tendons Achilles tendon, extensor tendons of hands
Eruptive xanthomas Small, red-yellow papules Buttocks, back, shoulders (sudden appearance)
Plane xanthomas Flat lesions Anywhere, often in skin folds
📋 Symptoms
Visible skin lesions (yellowish papules, plaques, or nodules)
Usually painless
May itch or cause mild discomfort
🧪 Diagnosis
Clinical examination
Lipid profile test
Skin biopsy (if needed)
💊 Treatment
Manage the underlying lipid disorder (e.g., statins, fibrates)
Control diabetes or other contributing conditions
Lesion removal options (for cosmetic reasons):
Surgical excision
Laser therapy
Chemical treatments
⚠️ Why They Matter
Xanthomas can be a warning sign of serious underlying conditions like:
Atherosclerosis
Coronary artery disease
Pancreatitis (in hypertriglyceridemia)
