05/06/2025
Cirrhosis and Liver Cancer
Cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease where healthy liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue, leading to the gradual loss of liver function. It is most commonly caused by chronic alcohol use, hepatitis B or C infections, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Over time, cirrhosis can progress to liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) — the most common type of primary liver cancer.
Cirrhosis:
In cirrhosis, the liver becomes scarred and hardened. This scarring blocks blood flow and impairs the liver's ability to:
Filter toxins
Produce proteins
Regulate hormones
Process nutrients and medications
Symptoms of Cirrhosis:
Fatigue and weakness
Loss of appetite and weight loss
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
Swelling in legs or abdomen (ascites)
Easy bruising or bleeding
Confusion or memory issues (hepatic encephalopathy)
From Cirrhosis to Liver Cancer:
Cirrhosis is the strongest risk factor for liver cancer. Chronic inflammation and continuous liver cell damage over years can lead to genetic mutations and cancer development. Hepatitis B can also cause liver cancer without cirrhosis.
Liver Cancer Symptoms:
Right upper abdominal pain
Unexplained weight loss
Enlarged liver or abdominal mass
Nausea, vomiting
Jaundice
Diagnosis & Treatment:
Both conditions are diagnosed using liver function tests, imaging (ultrasound, CT, MRI), and biopsy if needed.
Treatment options include:
Liver transplant (for selected patients)
Surgical resection
Ablation therapy
Targeted therapy or immunotherapy
Chemotherapy or radiation
Prevention:
Vaccination against hepatitis B
Avoiding alcohol abuse
Treating hepatitis B/C early
Regular monitoring for high-risk individuals
Early detection and lifestyle changes can help prevent cirrhosis from turning into liver cancer.
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