22/08/2022
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
People with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), also known as “acid reflux,” occurs when stomach juices back up into the esophagus and/or mouth. Occasional reflux is normal and can occur in otherwise healthy infants, children, and adults, most often after eating a meal. Most reflux episodes are brief and do not cause uncomfortable symptoms or complications. In contrast, people with GERD experience uncomfortable symptoms or damage to the esophagus as a result of acid reflux. Symptoms of GERD can include heartburn, regurgitation, and difficulty swallowing or pain when swallowing.
1. What is gastroesophageal reflux disease?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition that occurs when the digestive juices of the stomach regularly back up into the esophagus (the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach). Because this fluid is acidic, it can irritate and inflame the lining of your esophagus.
Most people can manage the discomfort of GERD with lifestyle changes or self-medication (over-the-counter drugs) from the pharmacy to take. But some more severe cases may need to see a doctor for stronger medications or even surgery to relieve symptoms caused by it.
2. Causes of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
It is caused by the frequent reflux of stomach acid or bile into the esophagus. When you swallow, the lower esophageal sphincter (the ring of muscle that surrounds the bottom of the esophagus) relaxes to allow food and liquid to pass down to the stomach, where it then closes. However, if this muscle relaxes abnormally or becomes flaccid, stomach acid can back up into the esophagus, causing you to experience frequent heartburn, affecting your daily life.
Constant acid reflux can cause the lining of your esophagus to become inflamed. Over time, inflammation wears away this layer, causing complications such as bleeding, narrowing of the esophagus, or Barrett’s esophagus (precancerous lesions).
Risk factors: The following conditions may increase your chances of developing acid reflux:
Fat
The upper part of the stomach runs up to the ribcage (diaphragmatic hernia)
Pregnant
Smoke
Dry mouth
Asthma
Diabetes
Prolonged gastric emptying time
Connective tissue disorders such as scleroderma
Smoking is one of the causes of gastroesophageal reflux disease
3. Signs, symptoms and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease
To recognize GERD is relatively difficult, because the symptoms of the disease are often confused with other diseases. However, when you find yourself with many signs corresponding to the following symptoms, you should be alert because you may have GERD:
Common signs and symptoms of GERD include:
Heartburn: occurs often and even when hungry or not eating.
Heartburn: Burning from the stomach or lower chest area, spreading up the neck, sometimes spreading to the lower throat and ears. Along with that is the sour taste in the mouth.
Heartburn: Acidic food or liquid from the stomach is pushed up the throat usually after eating, which can be worse at night.
Vomiting and nausea: appear when you eat too much, lie down right after eating, do not raise your head when sleeping.
Feeling of heat in the chest, tightness in the chest
Lots of saliva, difficulty swallowing, feeling stuck in the throat
…
If you have acid reflux at night, you may also experience:
Chronic cough
Laryngitis
New or worsening asthma
Sleep is interrupted
4. Harms and complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease
Due to the lack of understanding of the severity of reflux esophagitis, many people have shown indifference to this disease. In fact, reflux esophagitis causes many dangerous complications, such as esophageal stricture, esophageal ulceration and, in the worst case, esophageal cancer. Therefore, you should not be subjective when you find yourself having symptoms of GERD.
Over time, chronic esophagitis can lead to the following complications:
Esophageal stricture: damage to the cells in the lower sphincter of the esophagus due to prolonged exposure to stomach acid creates scar tissue. This scar tissue narrows the esophagus, making it difficult to swallow.
Esophageal ulcers: Stomach acid can severely erode tissues in the esophagus, creating ulcers. This esophageal ulcer can bleed, make it painful and difficult to swallow.
Precancerous changes in the esophagus (Barrett’s esophagus): In Barrett’s esophagus, changes in the tissue lining the lower esophagus are associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer. Although the chances of developing cancer are very low, your doctor will still do an esophagoscopy to look for early warning signs of esophageal cancer.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease can cause Barrett’s esophagus
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