04/01/2023
"Age is just a number"
Shoud not be the only criteria to rule out Type 1 diabetes
A 47 yr old gentleman diagnosed to have diabetes 4 months ago when he was presented with weight loss , blood sugars were around 500 mg/ dL at that time.
He was started on premix insulin twice a day. Few days later, he developed hypoglycemic seizures , so stopped insulin and changed to oral anti diabetic drugs ( OADs)
For 2 months he was on OADs without any episodes of diabetic keto acidosis - sugars were between 150 to 300 mg/ dL
Then premix insulin was added to OADs.
Pt used to monitor blood sugars very meticulously- but his blood sugars were not under control
When he presented to our clinic, on examination
Clinically stable
Lean -BMI 18.1 kg / m²
No signs of insulin resistance
No family history of diabetes
Not an alcoholic - pancreas normal on imaging
Not on any steroids or immunodulator drugs
These points made us suspect Type 1 daibetes - so ordered GAD antibodies , fasting C peptide levels ..
-GAD ANTIBODIES > 2000 IU/mL ( N < 10)
-Fasting C - PEPTIDE: 0.080 ng/ mL ( N 0.48 - 5) (checked when FBS was 84 mg/ dL)
Indicating low insulin reseve and very high auto antibodies ..makes the diagnosis of TYPE 1 DIABETES..
Currently he is on basl bolus insulin
Take home message...
-Age is not the only criteria to rule out Type 1 daibetes - it can occur at any age
-Patients with type 1 diabetes may respond to OADs initially with out go in to ketosis.. limited insulin reserve may be sufficient to prevent ketone body formation, but not enough to control blood sugars ..
-Adults diabetic patients who are Lean with no signs of insulin resistance,no family history of diabetes , responding poorly to OADs - work up for Type 1 DIABETES..
-IS IT WORTH TO GET THESE COSTLY TESTS ..??? YESS....!!
WHY..?
1) Will know which direction we shoud go for rest of his life
2) No need to waste resources by keeping patients on multiple OADs..
3) To explain patients the need for adherence to insulin only..
And Most importantly ....
4) To prevent him from falling prey to magic diabetes healers/ crash diet baba's..! 🙏🙏
- Dr. Padmanabha Varma
Consultant Endocrinologist
HORMONE INDIA
Pragathi nagar, Hyderabad
9550899143