BVK Technology Services, Boduppal, Hyderabad (2025)

15/11/2024

A polarimeter is an analytical instrument used to measure the angle of rotation caused by passing polarized light through an optically active substance. Optically active substances, like certain organic compounds, sugars, and chiral molecules, rotate plane-polarized light to the left or right, a property called optical rotation. Polarimeters are commonly used in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and food industries to determine the concentration and purity of specific compounds.

How a Polarimeter Works
Light Source: Produces a beam of light, usually monochromatic (single wavelength, like sodium D-line light at 589 nm).
Polarizer: Converts the light into polarized light (vibrating in a single plane).
Sample Tube: Contains the optically active substance dissolved in a solvent, through which the polarized light passes.
Analyzer (Detector): Measures the angle by which the plane of polarization is rotated after passing through the sample.
Key Measurements and Terms
Optical Rotation (α\alpha α): The degree to which the plane of polarized light is rotated by the sample. The rotation depends on the nature and concentration of the substance, the length of the sample tube, and the wavelength of light.

Specific Rotation: A standard measure that expresses optical rotation as a function of concentration, sample path length, temperature, and wavelength of light. It’s calculated using the formula:

[α]=αl⋅c[\alpha] = \frac{\alpha}{l \cdot c}[α]=l⋅cα
where:

α\alphaα is the observed rotation,
lll is the length of the sample tube in decimeters,
ccc is the concentration in g/mL.
Dextrorotatory (+): Substances that rotate light to the right (clockwise).

Levorotatory (-): Substances that rotate light to the left (counterclockwise).

Applications of Polarimetry
Quality Control: Verifying the purity of substances, particularly in pharmaceuticals.
Sugar Analysis: Measuring sugar concentrations in food and beverages.
Determining Enantiomeric Purity: Assessing the composition of chiral compounds in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries.

15/11/2024

NOW YOU CAN FOLLOW OUR TEAM BY INSTAGRAM I.E., BVKTECHNOLOGIES.

15/11/2024

The NanoBrook Series is a Configurable Platform for Particle Sizing and Zeta Potential Measurements
The NanoBrook Series size and zeta potential analyzers incorporate all you need for fast, routine, sub-micron measurements of size and zeta potential. Based on the principles of Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) for particle sizing and distribution, and based on doppler velocimetry (electrophoretic light scattering or ELS) for zeta potential measurement, most measurements only take a minute or two. The instrument also includes Phase Analysis Light Scattering (PALS) measurements for samples with low mobilities.
The NanoBrook Omni combines all of the most common configurations
With the NanoBrook Omni, measure samples in nearly every possible suspension environment from high salts such as PBS and sea water to organic solvents and aqueous solutions. Particle and protein sizing, with the highest sensitivity, utilizing three measurement angles for truly unbiased measurement results.
Features at a glance
SIZING
Rapid and accurate protein & nanoparticle size distributions
Multimodal & unimodal size distribution software
ISO 13321 and ISO 22412 compliant results
Range: < 0.3 nm to 10 µm
Three measurement angles: 15°, 90°, and 173°
Ideal for fast, routine sizing applications in research or quality control
High power 40 mW diode laser
Dynamic light scattering at 173° and 90°
Temperature control, -5 °C to 110 °C
Compact bench top unit, USB connection
Molecular weight determination (relative and absolute through Debye plot)
ZETA POTENTIAL
Zeta potential for the difficult cases
For proteins, peptides, mAb, RNA and other biological samples
For zeta potential in organic solvents
For oily or viscous media
For high-salt suspensions
For samples near the I.E.P.
1,000 times more sensitive than other techniques
Disposable cuvettes, no contamination or alignment
Built in automatic procedures and parameters (SOP)
Easy to use

15/11/2024

A chemical fume hood is a critical safety device in laboratories, designed to protect users from hazardous chemical vapors, fumes, and particulate matter. Here are some important aspects to consider when selecting or evaluating a chemical fume hood:

Types of Chemical Fume Hoods
Conventional Fume Hoods: Standard design with a sash that can be raised or lowered to control airflow.

Variable Air Volume (VAV) Hoods: Adjust airflow based on the sash position, saving energy while maintaining safety.

Constant Air Volume (CAV) Hoods: Provide a fixed airflow rate regardless of sash position.

Biosafety Cabinets: Designed to protect both the user and the samples, particularly in biological work.

Perchloric Acid Hoods: Specifically designed to handle perchloric acid and feature a washdown system to prevent buildup.

15/11/2024

A nitrogen protein analyzer is an analytical instrument used to determine the protein content of a sample by measuring the nitrogen concentration. This method is based on the principle that proteins are composed of amino acids, which contain nitrogen. Here’s an overview of its key features, functionality, applications, and methods:

Key Features:
Nitrogen Measurement: The analyzer measures the total nitrogen content in a sample, which is then used to calculate protein content based on a specific conversion factor.

Types of Analyzers:

Kjeldahl Method: The traditional method where nitrogen is converted to ammonium sulfate and then quantified.
Dumas Method: A faster method that combusts the sample in an oxygen-rich environment, measuring nitrogen through gas chromatography.
User Interface: Many models feature digital displays and software for data collection, analysis, and reporting, allowing for user-friendly operation.

Sample Handling: Designed to analyze various sample types, including food, animal feed, plant materials, and more.

Functionality:
Sample Preparation: Samples must be prepared according to the method being used (e.g., digestion for Kjeldahl or combustion for Dumas).

Nitrogen Quantification: The instrument quantifies nitrogen in the sample, and the protein content is calculated using a specific conversion factor (commonly 6.25 for general protein analysis).

Data Output: Provides results in terms of protein content, often expressed as a percentage of the sample weight.

Applications:
Food Industry: Used to assess protein content in food products, which is crucial for nutritional labeling and quality control.

Agriculture: Analyzes feed and forage samples to ensure proper nutrient content for livestock.

Research and Development: Supports various scientific studies in biochemistry, nutrition, and related fields.

Environmental Analysis: Can be used to assess nitrogen content in soil and waste materials.

Advantages:
Accuracy: Provides reliable and precise measurements of protein content.
Versatility: Suitable for a wide range of sample types and industries.
Efficiency: Especially with the Dumas method, analysis can be completed quickly compared to traditional methods.
Considerations:
Sample Size: Ensure that the sample is representative and adequately prepared for analysis.
Calibration: Regular calibration and maintenance are essential for consistent accuracy.
Method Selection: Choose the appropriate method based on the sample type and required analysis speed.

15/11/2024

A zero air gas generator is a specialized device designed to produce a highly purified air stream that is free from hydrocarbons and other contaminants. This type of generator is commonly used in various applications, particularly in laboratories and industries where the purity of the air is critical. Here are some key aspects:Key Features
Purity: Zero air generators typically achieve extremely low levels of total hydrocarbons (often below 0.1 ppm), making them ideal for sensitive applications.

Technology: Most zero air generators utilize catalytic oxidation or adsorption methods to remove hydrocarbons from compressed air. They often include features such as:

Catalytic Converters: These oxidize hydrocarbons into carbon dioxide and water.
Adsorption Filters: Designed to trap and remove impurities.
Control Systems: Many models come equipped with monitoring systems that ensure consistent output quality and provide real-time data on the purity of the generated air.

Compact Design: Zero air generators are often designed to be compact and easily integrated into laboratory or industrial settings.

Applications
Gas Chromatography: Zero air is frequently used as a carrier gas in gas chromatography, where even trace levels of hydrocarbons can interfere with results.

Environmental Monitoring: Employed in air quality testing and environmental research where contamination must be minimized.

Analytical Chemistry: Useful in various analytical techniques that require a clean, inert atmosphere.

Calibration: Used for calibrating instruments that require a zero air reference.

Advantages
Cost-Effective: On-site generation reduces the need for bottled zero air, which can be costly and impractical for continuous use.

Environmental Benefits: Reduces waste and the carbon footprint associated with transporting compressed gas cylinders.

Reliability: Provides a consistent and reliable source of high-purity air.

$A Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyzer is an analytical instrument used to measure the size distribution of particle...$

15/11/2024

A Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyzer is an analytical instrument used to measure the size distribution of particles in a sample. It operates on the principle of laser diffraction, where a laser beam is passed through a sample, and the light is scattered by the particles present.

Key Features and Principles:
Operating Principle:

When a laser beam hits a particle, the light is scattered in various directions. The angle and intensity of the scattered light depend on the size of the particle; smaller particles scatter light at larger angles, while larger particles scatter light at smaller angles.
Size Range:

These analyzers can typically measure a wide range of particle sizes, from a few nanometers up to several millimeters, depending on the specific instrument and configuration.
Measurement Process:

A sample is dispersed in a liquid or air, and the laser beam is directed through the sample. The scattered light is detected by sensors, and the data is analyzed to calculate the particle size distribution.
Applications:

Commonly used in industries such as pharmaceuticals, food and beverages, materials science, and environmental monitoring to ensure product quality and compliance with regulations.
Advantages:

Quick and reliable measurements.
Capable of measuring a wide size range.
Minimal sample preparation required.
Data Interpretation:

Results are often presented as a particle size distribution curve, which helps in understanding the size characteristics of the sample.

15/11/2024

Refurbished HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) systems can be a great option for labs looking to save costs while still obtaining reliable performance. When considering a refurbished HPLC, here are some key points to keep in mind:

Vendor Reputation: Purchase from a reputable vendor or manufacturer that specializes in refurbished equipment. Look for reviews and testimonials.

Warranty and Support: Ensure the system comes with a warranty and support services. A good warranty can protect your investment.

Condition and Specifications: Verify the condition of the equipment and its specifications. Ask for details about any repairs or upgrades made.

Performance Validation: Ideally, the system should have been tested and validated to ensure it meets original performance standards.

Replacement Parts: Check the availability of replacement parts and service options. This can be crucial for maintenance and repairs.

Compatibility: Ensure the refurbished HPLC system is compatible with your current setup, including software and accessories.

Budget Considerations: Compare costs not just of the unit but also of any potential maintenance or upgrades needed down the line.

15/11/2024

An Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) is an analytical instrument used to determine the concentration of specific elements in a sample by measuring the absorption of light. Here are the key aspects of AAS:

Principle of Operation
Atomization: The sample is introduced into a flame (or graphite furnace) where it is atomized, converting the sample into free atoms.

Light Source: A hollow cathode lamp, specific to the element being analyzed, emits light at characteristic wavelengths.

Absorption: The free atoms absorb some of the light. The amount of light absorbed is proportional to the concentration of the element in the sample.

Detection: A photodetector measures the intensity of light that passes through the sample. The difference in intensity before and after passing through the sample indicates the amount of absorption.

Key Components
Sample Introduction System: Can include a nebulizer for liquid samples or a solid sampling device.
Atomization Source: Typically a flame (air-acetylene or nitrous oxide-acetylene) or a graphite furnace for higher sensitivity.
Monochromator: Isolates the specific wavelength of light emitted by the lamp for the element being analyzed.
Detector: Converts light into an electrical signal for analysis.

15/11/2024

Washing the HPLC column is an important step to maintain its performance and prolong its lifespan. The washing pump plays a crucial role in this process. Here are some key points regarding the HPLC column washing pump:

Purpose: The washing pump is used to flush the HPLC column with solvents or cleaning solutions to remove any residual samples, contaminants, or precipitates.

Flow Rate: The pump should have a suitable flow rate to ensure thorough washing without damaging the column.

Solvent Compatibility: The pump must be compatible with the solvents used for washing, which may include water, organic solvents, or cleaning solutions.

Pressure Control: The pump should be able to operate at various pressures, as excessive pressure can lead to column damage.

Procedure: Typically, the washing process involves running the chosen solvent through the column for a set period or until the baseline returns to normal.

Frequency: Regular washing is recommended after a series of runs, especially when working with complex or dirty samples.

Monitoring: Keep an eye on the column’s performance indicators, such as retention time and peak shape, to determine when washing is necessary.

15/11/2024

An auto potentiometric titrator is an advanced analytical instrument used to determine the concentration of an analyte in a solution by measuring the voltage change that occurs during a titration process. This method is particularly useful for acid-base titrations and redox titrations. Here’s an overview of its key features, components, applications, and advantages:

Key Features
Automated Titration: The instrument automatically adds titrant to the analyte solution while continuously monitoring the voltage, making the process efficient and reducing human error.
Precise Endpoint Detection: The potentiometric measurement allows for accurate detection of the titration endpoint based on sudden changes in voltage, providing reliable results.
Data Logging: Many auto potentiometric titrators come with software that records and analyzes data, allowing for easy retrieval and reporting.
Components
Titration Vessel: The container where the analyte solution is placed.
Electrodes:
Indicator Electrode: Measures the potential of the solution as the titration progresses.
Reference Electrode: Maintains a stable reference potential against which the indicator electrode is compared.
Titrant Delivery System: A system that accurately dispenses the titrant into the solution, often controlled by a motorized pump or burette.
Control Unit: The interface that allows users to set parameters, view results, and control the titration process.
Applications
Laboratory Analysis: Used in chemistry labs for determining concentrations of acids, bases, and other substances in solution.
Quality Control: Commonly used in the food and beverage industry to assess acidity levels, ensuring product consistency and safety.
Pharmaceuticals: Employed in drug formulation to determine active ingredient concentrations.
Environmental Testing: Used to analyze the pH and acidity of water samples and other environmental matrices.

15/11/2024

Brookfield viscometers are essential tools used to measure the viscosity of fluids, including liquids and semi-solids. They are widely employed in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, cosmetics, and materials science. Here’s an overview of their features, types, applications, and advantages:

Key Features
Rotational Measurement: Brookfield viscometers operate by rotating a spindle in the fluid, measuring the torque required to turn the spindle, which correlates to the fluid's viscosity.
Multiple Spindles: Different spindles can be used for various viscosity ranges, allowing for versatility in measurement.
Digital Displays: Many models feature digital readouts, making it easy to monitor and record viscosity values.
Temperature Control: Some viscometers come with temperature control options, allowing measurements under specific thermal conditions.
Types of Brookfield Viscometers
Standard Rotational Viscometer: The classic model used in labs for general viscosity measurements.
Digital Viscometer: Offers enhanced features like data logging, improved user interfaces, and connectivity options.
Portable Viscometer: Compact and battery-operated, designed for field measurements and on-site quality control.
High-Temperature and High-Shear Viscometers: Specialized for applications requiring extreme conditions.

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