30/11/2025
Effects of To***co on Bone Health
To***co—whether smoking, chewing, or second-hand exposure—has multiple harmful effects on bones, joints, and overall musculoskeletal healing.
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1. Delayed Fracture Healing
Ni****ne reduces blood flow to the bone.
Cigarette toxins impair osteoblast (bone-forming cell) activity.
Results in delayed union, non-union, and higher risk of complications after surgery.
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2. Poor Bone Quality (Low Bone Mineral Density)
Smoking accelerates bone resorption and reduces calcium absorption.
Leads to osteopenia and osteoporosis, especially in adults and elderly.
Increased risk of vertebral, hip, and wrist fractures.
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3. Higher Risk of Implant Failure
Smokers have more complications after orthopaedic surgeries.
Reduced healing around implants (less osteointegration).
Higher chances of loosening, infection, and revision surgeries.
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4. Increased Risk of Infections
Smoking weakens immunity and reduces blood circulation.
Higher chance of post-operative wound infection, delayed wound healing, and deep infections in fractures.
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5. Poor Spine Health
Faster degeneration of intervertebral discs.
Higher incidence of low back pain and cervical/ lumbar spondylosis.
Impaired micro-circulation to spinal tissues.
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6. Reduced Muscle & Tendon Healing
Decreased oxygenation and nutrition to soft tissues.
Higher risk of tendon tears, tendinopathy, and slower recovery after sports injuries.
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7. Hormonal Effects
Smoking reduces estrogen levels—accelerating bone loss in women.
Low testosterone levels in men → weaker bone formation
For more information WhatsApp +919417007288 or visit www.joshihospital.co.in , www.drvarunortho.com
***coEffects
