29/10/2025
Frozen shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis) is a condition where the shoulder joint capsule becomes thick, tight, and inflamed, causing pain and stiffness that limits movement.
It mainly affects one shoulder, but sometimes both can be involved.
Cause / Risk Explanation
Injury or surgery Shoulder immobilized for too long (e.g., after fracture, surgery).
Diabetes Very common cause — affects tissue healing.
Thyroid disorders Both hyper- and hypothyroidism increase risk.
Age Usually between 40–60 years.
Prolonged immobility From pain, bed rest, or neglecting shoulder movement.
Treatment Overview
1. Pain management
Hot pack or moist heat before exercise
Ice pack after exercise if sore
Pain-relief medications (as prescribed)
Ultrasound or TENS (in physiotherapy clinic)
2. Physiotherapy (most important)
Gentle, progressive stretching exercises
Range of motion and strengthening as stiffness improves
Consistency is the key
