MediNurse Update

01/02/2026

Postbasic bsc nursing (JEPBN 2026)/Msc nursing entrance(JEMSCN 2026)/NORCET 10 preparation ( on line).Contact with 8927983569.

26/01/2026

💉 Inj MgSO₄ (Magnesium Sulphate)

🔹 Drug Class
• Electrolyte
• Mineral supplement
• Anti-convulsant

🔹 Mechanism of Action
• Depresses CNS excitability
• Blocks neuromuscular transmission
• Stabilizes cardiac cell membrane
• Reduces acetylcholine release

🔹 Indications
• Eclampsia & pre-eclampsia
• Torsades de Pointes
• Hypomagnesemia
• Severe asthma (adjunct therapy)
• Cardiac arrhythmias
• Seizure control

🔹 Dose (Adult – IV)
• Eclampsia:
– Loading: 4–6 g IV over 15–20 min
– Maintenance: 1–2 g/hr infusion
• Torsades: 2 g IV over 10–15 min
• As prescribed based on condition

🔹 Administration
• Dilute before IV use
• Give slow IV infusion
• Use infusion pump
• Monitor BP, RR, SpO₂ & ECG

🔹 Side Effects
• Hypotension
• Respiratory depression
• Loss of deep tendon reflexes
• Bradycardia
• Flushing
• Cardiac arrest (overdose)

🔹 Nursing Responsibilities
• Monitor respiratory rate & SpO₂
• Check deep tendon reflexes
• Monitor urine output (>30 mL/hr)
• Continuous ECG monitoring
• Keep Calcium Gluconate ready (antidote)

📌 Life-saving drug in eclampsia & torsades de pointes

👉 Follow & Share
MediNurse Update 🩺📘

26/01/2026

💉 Inj Amiodarone

🔹 Drug Class
• Anti-arrhythmic
• Class III (potassium channel blocker)

🔹 Mechanism of Action
• Prolongs cardiac action potential & refractory period
• Slows AV node conduction
• Controls ventricular & supraventricular arrhythmias
• Minimal negative inotropic effect

🔹 Indications
• Ventricular tachycardia (VT)
• Ventricular fibrillation (VF)
• Atrial fibrillation / atrial flutter
• Pulseless VT / VF (cardiac arrest)
• Refractory arrhythmias

🔹 Dose (Adult – IV)
• Cardiac arrest: 300 mg IV bolus
(may give additional 150 mg)
• Stable VT / AF:
– Loading: 150 mg IV over 10 min
– Infusion: 1 mg/min for 6 hrs
– Then 0.5 mg/min for 18 hrs

🔹 Administration
• Dilute in D5W only
• Use infusion pump
• Prefer central line for prolonged infusion
• Continuous ECG & BP monitoring

🔹 Side Effects
• Hypotension
• Bradycardia
• QT prolongation
• Phlebitis
• Nausea
• Long-term: thyroid, lung, liver toxicity

🔹 Nursing Responsibilities
• Continuous ECG monitoring
• Monitor BP & heart rate
• Observe IV site (risk of phlebitis)
• Use inline filter if available
• Do not mix with other drugs
• Monitor electrolytes (K⁺, Mg²⁺)

📌 Life-saving anti-arrhythmic in cardiac emergencies

👉 Follow & Share
MediNurse Update 🩺📘

26/01/2026

25/01/2026

25/01/2026

25/01/2026

25/01/2026

💉 Inj Morphine

🔹 Drug Class
• Opioid analgesic
• Narcotic
• Natural opioid

🔹 Mechanism of Action
• Acts on μ-opioid receptors in CNS
• Produces strong analgesia & sedation
• Alters perception and response to pain
• Causes respiratory depression at high doses

🔹 Indications
• Moderate to severe pain
• Acute myocardial infarction (pain relief)
• Post-operative pain
• Cancer pain
• Trauma pain
• Pulmonary edema (reduces preload & anxiety)

🔹 Dose (Adult)
• IV: 2–4 mg slow IV (repeat every 5–10 min as needed)
• IM / SC: 5–10 mg
• Titrate according to pain & patient response

🔹 Administration
• Give slow IV injection
• Monitor RR, SpO₂, BP & ECG
• Ensure oxygen availability
• Use caution in elderly & renal impairment

🔹 Side Effects
• Respiratory depression
• Hypotension
• Bradycardia
• Nausea, vomiting
• Constipation
• Urinary retention
• Itching

🔹 Nursing Responsibilities
• Monitor respiratory rate & oxygen saturation
• Assess pain score before & after administration
• Avoid rapid IV push
• Maintain airway & oxygen support
• Keep Naloxone ready (antidote)

📌 Classic opioid for severe pain – use with caution

👉 Follow & Share
MediNurse Update 🩺📘

25/01/2026

💉 Inj Fentanyl

🔹 Drug Class
• Opioid analgesic
• Narcotic
• Synthetic opioid

🔹 Mechanism of Action
• Acts on μ-opioid receptors in CNS
• Produces potent analgesia
• Causes sedation
• Reduces sympathetic response (↓ HR, ↓ BP response to pain)

🔹 Indications
• Severe pain management
• ICU analgesia
• Procedural sedation
• Adjunct in anesthesia
• Rapid Sequence Intubation (RSI)
• Post-operative pain

🔹 Dose (Adult)
• IV bolus: 25–100 mcg slow IV
• IV infusion: 1–3 mcg/kg/hr
• Titrate according to pain & response

🔹 Administration
• Give slow IV
• Use infusion pump for continuous use
• Monitor RR, SpO₂, BP & ECG
• Oxygen & resuscitation equipment ready

🔹 Side Effects
• Respiratory depression
• Bradycardia
• Hypotension
• Chest wall rigidity (rapid IV)
• Nausea, vomiting
• Constipation (long-term)

🔹 Nursing Responsibilities
• Monitor respiratory rate & SpO₂ closely
• Assess pain score regularly
• Avoid rapid IV push
• Maintain airway & oxygen support
• Keep Naloxone ready (antidote)

📌 Powerful opioid – use with extreme caution

👉 Follow & Share
MediNurse Update 🩺📘

25/01/2026

💉 Inj Rocuronium

🔹 Drug Class
• Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
• Skeletal muscle relaxant

🔹 Mechanism of Action
• Blocks acetylcholine at neuromuscular junction
• Produces rapid skeletal muscle paralysis
• No sedative or analgesic effect
⚠️ Patient must be sedated & ventilated

🔹 Indications
• Rapid Sequence Intubation (RSI)
• Facilitate endotracheal intubation
• Mechanical ventilation (ICU)
• Surgical muscle relaxation
• Alternative to succinylcholine

🔹 Dose (Adult)
• RSI: 0.6–1.2 mg/kg IV
• Maintenance: 0.1–0.2 mg/kg IV
• Continuous infusion as prescribed

🔹 Administration
• IV only
• Use infusion pump if continuous
• Ensure adequate sedation & analgesia
• Continuous ventilation mandatory

🔹 Side Effects
• Prolonged paralysis
• Bradycardia (rare)
• Hypotension (rare)
• Residual neuromuscular blockade

🔹 Nursing Responsibilities
• Confirm patient is sedated & ventilated
• Monitor SpO₂, RR, BP, ECG
• Assess neuromuscular blockade (TOF)
• Eye care & pressure area care
• Keep reversal agent (Sugammadex / Neostigmine) ready
📌 Fast-acting paralytic drug commonly used for RSI

👉 Follow & Share
MediNurse Update 🩺📘

25/01/2026

💉 Inj Vecuronium

🔹 Drug Class
• Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
• Skeletal muscle relaxant

🔹 Mechanism of Action
• Blocks acetylcholine at neuromuscular junction
• Causes skeletal muscle paralysis
• No sedative or analgesic effect
⚠️ Patient must be sedated & ventilated

🔹 Indications
• Rapid sequence intubation (RSI)
• Mechanical ventilation (ICU)
• Facilitate endotracheal intubation
• Surgical muscle relaxation
• Control of shivering in ICU

🔹 Dose (Adult)
• Intubation: 0.08–0.1 mg/kg IV
• Maintenance: 0.01–0.02 mg/kg IV (as required)
• Continuous infusion as prescribed

🔹 Administration
• Give IV only
• Use infusion pump if continuous
• Ensure adequate sedation & analgesia
• Continuous ventilation mandatory

🔹 Side Effects
• Prolonged paralysis
• Bradycardia (rare)
• Hypotension (rare)
• Residual neuromuscular blockade

🔹 Nursing Responsibilities
• Confirm patient is sedated & ventilated
• Monitor respiratory status & SpO₂
• Assess neuromuscular function (TOF)
• Monitor vital signs continuously
• Keep reversal agent (Neostigmine) ready

📌 Paralytic drug – NEVER give without ventilation & sedation

👉 Follow & Share
MediNurse Update 🩺📘

25/01/2026

💉 Inj SODA (Sodium Bicarbonate)

🔹 Drug Class
• Alkalinizing agent
• Electrolyte
• Buffer solution

🔹 Mechanism of Action
• Neutralizes metabolic acidosis
• Raises blood pH
• Shifts potassium into cells (temporary effect)
• Reduces myocardial depression in severe acidosis

🔹 Indications
• Severe metabolic acidosis
• Cardiac arrest (selected cases)
• Hyperkalemia (temporary measure)
• Tricyclic antidepressant overdose
• Diabetic ketoacidosis (severe acidosis only)
• Renal tubular acidosis

🔹 Dose (Adult – IV)
• 50–100 mEq IV (as prescribed)
• Give slow IV
• Dose guided by ABG results
⚠️ Avoid routine use without acidosis

🔹 Administration
• Dilute before administration
• Give via slow IV injection or infusion
• Monitor ABG, electrolytes & ECG
• Avoid extravasation

🔹 Side Effects
• Metabolic alkalosis
• Hypernatremia
• Hypocalcemia
• Fluid overload
• Tissue necrosis (extravasation)

🔹 Nursing Responsibilities
• Check ABG & serum electrolytes
• Monitor ECG & vital signs
• Administer slowly
• Watch IV site carefully
• Use only with proper indication

📌 Emergency drug – use only when clearly indicated

👉 Follow & Share
MediNurse Update 🩺📘