Samarth Eye Care & Laser Centre

21/07/2025

Pupil Anomalies

Explore how certain conditions can change the shape, number, or position of the pupil.

👁️✨⚡ Iridodialysis
A tear at the iris root, often caused by trauma.
May result in glare, double vision, or aesthetic asymmetry.

🎯 Corectopia
The pupil is displaced from its central position.
Can be congenital or acquired (due to trauma, surgery, or disease).

🕸️ Persistent Pupillary Membrane
Remnants of embryonic tissue that failed to fully regress.
Usually harmless, but can affect vision if dense.

👁️👁️ True Polycoria
Two or more functional pupils in the same eye.
Extremely rare and can affect how light enters the eye.

🔗 Posterior Synechiae
The pupil becomes stuck to the lens due to intraocular inflammation (like uveitis).
Can lead to pupillary block and increased eye pressure.

🌓 Iris Coloboma
A congenital defect where part of the iris is missing—often shaped like a keyhole.
Can occur alone or as part of a syndrome.

15/07/2025

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03/07/2025

HYPERTENSIVE UVEITIS is a form of anterior uveitis characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) during or after episodes of intraocular inflammation. It is important because it can lead to secondary glaucoma and vision loss if not managed promptly.

✅ Key Features
★Definition Uveitis associated with raised IOP (intraocular pressure)
★Common Forms Usually anterior uveitis
★Onset Often acute, unilateral, recurrent
★IOP Elevation May occur during active inflammation or after steroid therapy
★Symptoms Pain, redness, photophobia, blurred vision, halos
★Slit Lamp Findings Keratic precipitates (KP), anterior chamber cells/flare, possibly posterior synechiae
★Fundus Usually normal unless posterior involvement

📌 Common Causes
★Herpetic Uveitis (HSV, VZV)
★Posner-Schlossman Syndrome (Glaucomatocyclitic Crisis)
★Fuchs’ Heterochromic Iridocyclitis
★Toxoplasmosis (posterior uveitis with secondary IOP elevation)
★Steroid-induced ocular hypertension

🧪 Investigations
★Tonometry – Measure IOP
★Slit-lamp exam
★Gonioscopy – to assess angle structures
★Lab tests – if systemic cause is suspected (e.g., viral PCR, HLA typing)

💊 Treatment
★Control Inflammation Topical corticosteroids (e.g., prednisolone acetate 1%)
★Control IOP
Topical anti-glaucoma meds (e.g., beta-blockers, CAIs)
Avoid prostaglandin analogs in active uveitis
★Cycloplegics Atropine/cyclopentolate to relieve ciliary spasm
★Treat Underlying Cause e.g., antiviral if HSV/VZV

⚠️ Complications
★Secondary glaucoma
★Cataract
★Posterior synechiae
★Chronic uveitis

24/06/2025

Rubeosis

Rubeosis is the development of abnormal blood vessels on the surface of the iris. It is one of the most concerning exam findings because it is an indication of severe underlying retinal pathology. The vessels typically develop at the pupillary margin where they may appear initially as small red buds. As the rubeosis progresses, fine blood vessels are seen crossing the iris stroma. Rubeotic vessels may also form in the angle and are seen as fine red lines crossing the trabecular meshwork. The main complication of rubeosis is neovascular glaucoma. Rubeosis is best visualized during an undilated slit lamp examination of the iris and anterior chamber angle with gonioscopy

21/06/2025

International Yoga Day

20/06/2025

29/05/2025

Morning Glory Syndrome

Morning glory syndrome (MGS) is a rare condition that happens when the back of your eye doesn’t develop correctly. Instead of a globe-shaped eyeball all around, the back of your eye has a funnel shape. This increases the risk of vision problems and retinal detachment. MGS isn’t curable, but many of the effects are treatable.

What are the complications of morning glory syndrome?
The most likely complication of MGS is retinal detachment. Nearly 40% of people with MGS will experience this.
Other complications include:

• Low vision.
• Lazy eye (amblyopia).
• Blood vessel growth that affects your vision (neovascularization of the eye).
• Retinal layer separation (retinoschisis).

How is morning glory syndrome diagnosed?

An eye care specialist (especially a retina specialist) can diagnose morning glory syndrome using a combination of methods. That includes learning and asking questions about any symptoms or effects that you notice in yourself or your child.

They’ll also check your (or your child’s) vision and look into the affected eye to see and/or photograph your retina directly. Certain types of retinal imaging scans are also very common and helpful.

Tests that can help with the diagnosis include:
An eye exam, including a visual acuity test, visual field test and slit lamp exam
Optical coherence tomography
Fluorescein angiography
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

22/05/2025

MALIGNANT GLAUCOMA

Malignant Glaucoma misdirection syndrome, is a rare but serious form of secondary angle-closure glaucoma. It typically occurs after eye surgery, especially after filtering procedures for primary angle-closure glaucoma.

KEY FEATURES:
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
1.Posterior misdirection of aqueous humor into or behind the vitreous body.
2.Causes forward displacement of the lens-iris diaphragm.
3.Leads to shallowing or flattening of the anterior chamber and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), despite a patent iridotomy.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
1.Shallow or flat anterior chamber (AC)
2.Elevated IOP
3.Occurs postoperatively (e.g., after trabeculectomy or cataract surgery)
4.Resistant to typical treatments like iridotomy

DIAGNOSIS:
1.Based on clinical features.
2.Rule out pupillary block and choroidal detachment.
3.Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) or B-scan may help.

MANAGEMENT:
1. Medical:
A. Cycloplegics (e.g., atropine)
B. Aqueous suppressants (beta-blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors)
C. Hyperosmotic agents (mannitol)
2. Laser:
Nd:YAG laser to disrupt anterior hyaloid face if pseudophakic or aphakic.
3. Surgical:
Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with disruption of anterior hyaloid in refractory cases.

PROGNOSIS:
With prompt recognition and appropriate treatment, prognosis can be favorable, though recurrence or chronic cases may require long-term management.

13/05/2025

Horseshoe Retinal Scar

A horseshoe retinal tear is a type of full-thickness break in the retina, appearing as a U-shaped or flap-like tear. It occurs when the vitreous gel, the jelly-like substance inside the eye, pulls away from the retina, creating a tear. These tears are often found near the edge of the retina, where the vitreous is more strongly attached.

Symptoms:
Flashing lights
Blurry Vision
Floaters
Shadow of image

Treatment:
Laser or Cryotherapy:
Retinopexy
Monitoring

22/04/2025

An insect wing lodged on the tarsal conjunctiva can cause a conjunctival granuloma and, in some cases, marginal keratitis. This occurs because the foreign body triggers an inflammatory response, which can lead to chronic inflammation and granuloma formation. Additionally, the foreign body or bacteria around it can cause corneal damage or inflammation, resulting in marginal keratitis.

15/04/2025

Corneal Abrasion

A corneal abrasion is a minor scratch or injury to the cornea, the clear front covering of the eye. It's a common eye injury that's usually not serious and heals within a few days. Symptoms include: Pain Redness Light sensitivity Feeling something is in the eye While painful and uncomfortable, most people recover completely within three days. Corneal abrasions happen when the eye's natural defense system can't stop a cut or scratch from occurring.