06/01/2026
Why nocturnal glucose spikes aren’t a dinner problem
Nocturnal glucose excursions often occur due to:
• Reduced insulin sensitivity at night
• Increased hepatic glucose output
• Cortisol and growth hormone pulses during sleep
Studies on the Second Meal Effect show that higher protein intake earlier in the day:
• Improves insulin sensitivity for subsequent meals
• Reduces glycaemic variability in the evening
• Lowers overnight glucose release from the liver
One controlled trial showed that a high-protein breakfast significantly reduced post-dinner glucose levels compared to a low-protein breakfast — despite identical dinners.
This explains why:
Late dinners feel “light” but CGMs still spike
Sleep gets fragmented without obvious cause
Morning fasting glucose stays stubbornly high
Practical framework:
• 25–35 g protein at breakfast
• Protein-first at lunch
• Dinner = supportive, not corrective
Your metabolism keeps score all day — not just at night.