19/07/2019
INFUSION PUMP
✒An infusion pump is a medical device that delivers fluids, such as nutrients and medications, into a patient’s body in controlled amounts. They can deliver nutrients or medications, such as insulin or other hormones, antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, and pain relievers.
✒An infusion pump is operated by a trained user, who programs the rate and duration of fluid delivery through a built-in software interface. Infusion pumps offer significant advantages over manual administration of fluids, including the ability to deliver fluids in very small volumes, and the ability to deliver fluids at precisely programmed rates or automated intervals.
✒Infusion pump can be administer as little as 0.1 mL per hour injections (too small for a drip), injections every minute, injections with repeated boluses requested by the patient, up to maximum number per hour (e.g.in patient-controlled analgesia),or fluids whose volumes vary by the time of day.
COMMON TYPES OF HOSPITAL INFUSION PUMP
🌹Some infusion pumps are designed mainly for stationary use at a patient’s bedside. There are many types of infusion pumps, including.
1⃣LARGE VOLUME INFUSION PUMP (LVP): In an LVP, the fluids are usually contained in an IV bag or bottle, and the pump manipulates a special section of tubing between it and the patient's IV site. They also include state-of-the-art safety features to ensure that any single failure of any significance is detected and reported immediately through alarming sound.
2⃣PATIENTS CONTROLLED ANALGESIA (PCA) PUMP: A pump used to deliver pain medication, which is equipped with a feature that allows patients to self-administer a controlled amount of medication, as needed. PCA is very effective method for administering opiates to patients for pain relief, and gives patients a sense of control over their pain.
3⃣SYRINGE PUMPS: fluid is held in the reservoir of a syringe, and a moveable piston controls fluid delivery. Syringe pump is related to long Volume pump but still different features. Another use of syringe pump is in palliative care. These pumps are the preferred choice for lower volume and low flow rate infusions.
4⃣INSULIN PUMPS: A pump typically used to deliver insulin to patients with diabetes. Insulin pumps are frequently used in the home, but also may be used in a healthcare facility.
5⃣ ELASOMERIC PUMP: fluid is held in a stretchable balloon reservoir, and pressure from the elastic walls of the balloon drives fluid delivery. Built with an elastic balloon inside a very tough outer cover, the device pushes intravenous medication through tubing and a filter that is attached to the reservoir. Depending on the pumps’ size the drug inside the pump can be delivered over a time spread varying between thirty minutes to seven days
6⃣ENTERAL PUMP: A pump used to deliver liquid nutrients and medications to a patient’s digestive tract. This type of pump is using for patients require nutrition through continuous feeding, intermittent feeding or feeding and flushing.
7⃣PERISTALTIC PUMP: mechanical pump in which pressure is provided by the
movement of a constriction along a tube, similar to biological peristalsis.
8⃣AMBULATORY INFUSION PUMPS: This is types of infusion pump found inside an ambulatory vehicle for administer the medicine/ drugs/ or fluid to the patient through a short period of time. Most ambulatory infusion pump are battery backup, very easy to operate and less mL of fluid measurement, ambulatory pumps are designed to be portable or wearable.
ADVANTAGES OF INFUSION PUMP
🌹Provide an accurate flow of fluids or drugs over a prescribed period.
🌹Many pumps operate from battery and mains electricity. They incorporate warnings and alarms of excessive upstream pressure, air in tube, syringe empty/ nearly empty and low battery.
🌹It generate an alarm if a blockage is detected downstream from the pump, this occur when IV-line is no longer patent ( No longer in the Vein)
🌹They lead display screen for accurate measurement parameter.
🌹Occlusion detectors often reply on the fact that tubing will become turgid when pressure rises.
🌹An "up pressure" sensor can detect when the bag or syringe is empty, or even if the bag or syringe is being squeezed.
COMMON PROBLEMS WITH INFUSION PUMP
📌SOFTWARE PROBLEMS: A software error message is displayed, stating that the pump is inoperable. This occurs in the absence of an identifiable problem. It requires well trained Technician or Nurse.
📌ALARM ERRORS: The infusion pump fails to generate an audible alarm for a critical problem, such as an occlusion (e.g., clamped tubing) or the presence of air in the infusion tubing. The infusion pump generates an occlusion alarm in the absence of an occlusion.
📌BROKEN COMPONENTS: The infusion pump may have been dropped or damaged
during use, which may result in an over-infusion or an under-infusion if the pump continues to be used without being repaired.
BATTERY FAILURES: A design issue causes over-heating of the battery
and leads to premature battery failure. If the battery is not replaced during the recommended end of life routine maintenance, it may cause damage to device itself.
The maintenance of Infusion Pump
One, in order to prolong the service life of the infusion pump, andmaintain the stability of the infusion please according to the following note operation:
1. To prevent any solid particles from entering the pump body, because the dust or any other impurities will wear of plunger, a sealing ring, a cylinder body and a one-way valve, so it should be removed in advance any solid particle flow phase. The mobile phase is best in the glass container distillation, and commonly used method is to filter, can be used Millipore membrane (0.2umor 0.45um), filter. The pump entrance should be connected sand stick (or piece), filter infusion pump should be changed frequently.
2. The mobile phase should not contain any corrosive substances, containing a buffer in the mobile phase should not be retained in the pump, especially the pump stop overnight or longer case. If the containing buffer in the mobile phase at the pump, due to evaporation or leak, or even just because the solution of static,may be tiny crystals precipitated salts, these crystals as well asthe solid particles damage the sealing ring and the plunger. Therefore, must be pumped into the water fully after cleaning,then replaced the suitable for chromatographic columnpreservation and is conducive to the pump maintenance solvent (for reversed-phase bonded stationary phase, can be alcohol ormethanol and water).
3. Infusion pump work carefully to prevent the solvent bottle inside the mobile phase used, otherwise the air pump operation is worn piston, sealing ring or cylinder, resulting in leakage.
4. The highest pressure infusion pump working pressure should not exceed the prescribed, or will the high pressure sealing ringdeformation, produce leakage.
5. The mobile phase should first degassing, lest produce bubblesin the pump, flow stability, if yell a lot of bubbles, the pump will not work.
Prepared by
Ibraheem S. Usman
Biomedical Technician
Aeromedical Hospital
Nigerian Air Force Base
Kaduna Nigeria
©Force Bio-Medical