MAJ GEN JKS Parihar,retd, New Delhi (2025)

08/07/2025

A Piece of opinion authored by me, titled “ BRICS Summit 2025: Quest for Evolving Global Order despite diversity and conflict of interest,” was published on July 8, 2025, in the Daily Guardian on page 8.

The 17th BRICS Summit is scheduled to take place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from July 6 to 7, 2025, with Brazil's President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva serving as the rotating chair. The summit will be attended by BRICS nations, including Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, as well as recently admitted countries like Indonesia, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. Partner countries, including Belarus, Bolivia, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Thailand, Cuba, Uganda, Malaysia, and Uzbekistan, will also participate.

The summit will occur against the backdrop of ongoing geopolitical turmoil, including regional conflicts between Russia and Ukraine, in the Middle East, and the recent escalation of the joint conflict between Iran and Israel. Additionally, there is tension between the USA and Iran over the nuclear facility in Iran and a proxy war supported by Iran against Israel. The outbreak between India and Pakistan stemming from the terrorist attack in Pahalgam, Kashmir, is also going to be figured in the BRICS summit. The global economy is also experiencing an unprecedented trade war over tariffs between the US and BRICS countries, driven by the aggressive trade policies of the newly elected US President Trump, who has imposed heavy tariffs on other nations. The US also strongly opposes the idea of a BRICS currency as a global alternative to the dollar-based international financial and trade system.

BRICS is an intergovernmental organization composed of ten countries. Relations among BRICS members are based on the UN Charter, widely accepted principles, and norms of international law, including openness, pragmatism, solidarity, non-bloc stance, and neutrality toward third parties.
Nearly half of the world's population resides in BRICS countries, which collectively comprise more than 25% of the Earth’s land area and 36% of global GDP. The development index indicates that over 30% of the world's petroleum, 45% of agricultural products, 40% of global internet users, and 30% of digital payments come from BRICS nations. BRICS also has a strong space presence, with over 1,250 satellites in orbit.

BRICS operates based on action plans approved at annual summits since 2010. The organization’s strength is built on the pillars of Political and Security Cooperation, cultural and People-to-People Contacts, and economic and Financial Cooperation.

The most important aspect of financial cooperation is the Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA), established under the auspices of the New Development Bank (NDB) in 2015, with a total lending capacity of $100 billion. This arrangement originated from an agreement signed in Fortaleza, Brazil, in 2014. The CRA is designed to support and finance member countries facing global liquidity constraints and market fluctuations. Brazil, Russia, and India each contributed $18 billion and have access to $18 billion in funds, along with 18% of voting rights. China, on the other hand, contributed $41 billion, can access $21 billion, and holds the maximum voting rights of 39.95%.

The theme for the BRICS Summit 2025 is ‘Strengthening Global South Cooperation for More Inclusive and Sustainable Governance.’ The summit will focus on establishing effective mechanisms to promote and enhance GlobalHealth Cooperation, Trade, Investment, and Finance; tackling climate change; advancing artificial intelligence governance; developing a multilateral peace and security framework; and supporting institutional development. BRICS countries may reach a mutual agreement in principle to enhance cooperation, streamline multinational infrastructure projects through prudent investment and partnerships, and reshape geopolitics and supply chains.

All BRICS countries, except Russia and China, will be represented by their respective heads of state. Prime Minister Narendra Modi will represent India. Meanwhile, Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov will lead the Russian delegation, and Premier Li Qiang will represent China. Russian President Putin will attend key sessions via video conferencing. However, the absence of Chinese President Xi Jinping will be felt, as Xi Jinping is one of the most influential leaders in BRICS and plays a vital role in decision-making.

Mega summits like BRICS provide an excellent opportunity for participating countries to hold bilateral meetings among heads of state on the sidelines of the summit. Such interactions are of immense value and considered a highly effective diplomatic tool. India has a crucial and pivotal role in the BRICS. India's growing stature, marked by its widely accepted, mature diplomatic leadership under the PM, as well as its increasing strategic, military, and financial influence, growing market, dominance in Cyber, IT, and space, has indeed made it impossible for anyone to ignore India’s opinion and troubleshooting capability. PM Modi will exercise this option to foster a mutually beneficial relationship, especially with the Chinese, Russian, and Brazilian counterparts.

Under India's initiative, the BRICS summit is likely to strongly condemn the terror attack by the Pakistan-sponsored terrorist on innocent tourists in Pahalgam.

India is likely to pursue reforms in global governance, peace, security, renewable energy, economics, and finance. It will also support the development of a fair platform for South-South cooperation in areas such as trade, investment, and technology transfer. India is poised to lead efforts in promoting the responsible use of artificial intelligence, ensuring food safety, enhancing global health, providing affordable education for all, empowering women, and advancing climate and environmental initiatives. UPI, India's digital payment system, might be adopted by BRICS countries as a practical option for large-scale and mass transactions and as a step toward broader digital currency goals. Despite this positive outlook, India needs to develop a long-term strategy to manage its relations with China and increase cooperation on economic, strategic, and infrastructure issues. This will help align with the evolving global order, which could be China-centric or West-centric.
Another challenge BRICS faces is clearly defining its roadmap for the BRICS Currency and De-Dollarization. Actions taken by US President Trump, along with China's interest in promoting its currency as a global alternative to the Dollar and the Western-dominated financial system, remain significant obstacles. However, BRICS countries may move forward by promoting their currencies during bilateral trade among members as an initial step toward a unified banking and fiscal system.
China and Russia have played key roles in the BRICS since its inception in 2001. The primary objective of BRICS was to serve as a steady counterbalance to NATO and US-led strategic and financial groups, while also emphasizing its independence from NATO’s military alliance. Other BRICS countries, such as India, Brazil, Iran, and South Africa, have worked to develop BRICS as an effective and alternative platform for Southeastern countries around the world. Countries such as India, Brazil, South Africa, and Saudi Arabia are set to make significant contributions to the global stage, including at the UN, as permanent members of the UN Security Council.

However, the significant diversity among BRICS nations and conflicts of interest on geopolitical, military, trade, and other issues—such as the proximity of some BRICS countries to the Western bloc—will remain the biggest obstacle. Despite these unavoidable challenges, the BRICS nations have the potential to lead the Global South together. Hence, the Rio de Janeiro summit is poised to address the current global issues and provide a landmark direction for the international peace process.

12/05/2025

A Piece of opinion authored by me on “ Operation Sindoor and Ceasefire: Pros and Cons and Its Future Prospects” was carried on 12 May 2025 in the Daily Guardian on page no.8.

The unprecedented terrorist attack in Baisaran Valley, Pahalgam, by the Pakistan-sponsored terrorists and the subsequent diplomatic strategic response by India as Operation Sindhur has reshaped and carved India’s strategy against any act of terrorism as an act of war and to be dealt with zero tolerance, clubbed with immediate punitive diplomatic and military action to any depth and dimension even beyond the international border within the Pakistan without any fear of nuclear escalation by Pakistan.

India has rightly exercised its right of military action under Article 51 of the United Nations charter, which accepts the right to act for self-defence in the face of armed attack. India is now in the same leap as countries like the USA and Israel that have acted in the same manner against terrorism.

The operations Sindoor have established India's ability to launch swift, quick, decisive, lethal military operations with precision and accuracy. It has demonstrated the agility and synergy among all stakeholders, including leadership, parliament, judiciary, civil establishment, security and intelligence agencies, and the best is the perfect coordination and integration in launching tri-service operations with utmost perfection. The operation has further proved the superiority and great ability of the Indian Air Force to destroy the air defence system of Pakistan, piercing deep into their territory and successfully neutralizing the given targets like terrorist hideouts, headquarters, command and training centres, as well as a sensitive airbase.

India’s counter-air defence mechanism including intelligence surveillance, radar, navigation, and counter-attack UAV and missiles proved their effectivity and precision.

The army and Navy have successfully managed the ground and maritime defence as well as extended constant necessary input and ensured full proof counter-defence mechanisms against any problem military threat by Pakistan.

On the other side, Pakistan has suffered major setbacks in protecting its aerial boundaries. Pak air defence system, ground surveillance, and counter-attack mechanism demonstrated the most devastating and effective measures.

There is no doubt that war is not the ultimate solution for any international dispute or conflict. Undoubtedly, the military action is a highly essential and effective tool to facilitate the road map of peace by getting the rivals to the negotiating table to establish the ultimate mechanism to resolve any crisis. Any such negotiation is invariably based on the principle of mutual concern, gains and losses, bargaining power, and ultimate prospects. No negotiation will be possible without the intervention and support of other countries.

Under this optics the recent ceasefire between India and Pakistan has to be visualized and re-assessed in terms of its timing, essentiality, gains and losses, extent and ultimate sustainability in the future.

It is highly prudent to always keep in mind the past performance and commitment of Pakistan in terms of implementing and adhering to the mechanism and terms and conditions laid down in the previous peace accord and ceasefire since 1948 onwards. Pakistan has always violated such peace accords at 5 previous occasions notably 1948 after UN intervention as a fallout of Kashmir conflict due to the invasion by Pakistan, Tashkent pact after 1965 Indo Pakistan war, Shimla pact after 1971 war, Lahore pact of 1999, post Kargil War agreement of 2003 and lastly the mutual cease fire declared in February 2021. Despite humiliating defeat in the 1971 war and the 1999 Kargil conflict, Pakistan continued to remain engaged in a proxy war against India by operating through infiltration and state-sponsored terrorism.

As such, the operation Sindoor itself is a testimony to retaliate against Pakistan's irresponsible, repetitive, derogatory modus operandi error module of proxy war. In addition to the military actions carried out by India, the pre-operation Sindoor, diplomatic, and trade actions initiated by India are noteworthy because they established India's ability to act against Pakistan in a very decisive manner across all the fronts.

The Indus Water Treaty of 1960 is posing a heavy shift in favour of Pakistan in terms of utilization of water resources and future development of infrastructure and water management. Despite this equilibrium, India continued to adhere to the Treaty even during the time of 1965, 1971, and 1999 Indo-Pak conflicts and wars. The first time India acted against the Indus Water Treaty by putting the treaty held in abeyance, thereby opening up the future avenues and options for India to hold its right to judiciously plan and execute water management and development of infrastructure in the basin of the Indus River system. This strategy will put substantial pressure on Pakistan to curb its ante Indian activities.

On the other hand, abrogation of the provisions of the Shimla Pact of 1972 by Pakistan carries hardly any adverse implications for India's interests. As such, the Shimla pact became irrelevant after the return of 93000 Prisoners of War of Pakistan by India. Subsequently, Pakistan has violated several times the principles of the Shimla Pact. Once the Shimla pact is not in action, the definition of content military actions beyond the defined LOC is out of practice. This gives India a smoke leverage to address, act, and reshape its strategies to realign POK with India.

Hence, while negotiating terms and conditions of ceasefire with Pakistan, India must keep the avenues of the Indus Water Treaty and the Shimla Pact away from the domain of the proposed Ceasefire. A very hard and firm stand against Pakistan-sponsored and state terrorism against India as an act of war and to be dealt with in the future with the strongest punitive response is the order of the day.

India has the sustainability to face conflict, being the fastest growing economy, a reservoir of fuel and other resources, and strong diplomatic positions of India all over the world. Over and above, despite having full operational control and absolute capability to conclude actions against the remaining terror outfits, notably the top leadership of terror outfits like Hafiz Saeed of Lashkar-e-Taiba, Mohammad Masud Azhar of Jaish-e-Mohammed, and the master mind of the Mumbai blast, Dawood Ibrahim, the reasons and timings under which India has entered into the ceasefire at this particular juncture are a bit surprise.

On the contrary, Pakistan was highly desperate to immediately cease fire. The thrust and impact of Operation Sindoor have proved that Air defence and counter-attack system of Pakistan is highly inferior, fragile, and porous. The internal rift between the Military and Political leadership, as well as internal turmoil in Baluchistan and unrest in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and a cribbling economy of the country compounded the situation.

Undoubtedly, this was the most appropriate time and historic opportunity for India to kneel Pakistan on the issue of POK forever. The outcome of Operation Sindoor will definitely push Pakistan to upgrade its defence infrastructure, attacking capacity Hence, India has to be alert and continue to upgrade its military and diplomatic capabilities.

Though India continuously and successfully managed to draw world attention towards ill terror support by Pakistan worldwide, Pakistan was able to secure a huge amount of 1.3 billion USD from the IMF, even at the peak of Operation Sindoor.

The outcome and backdoor diplomacy to conclude the negotiation of cease ceasefire between India and Pakistan has set a new paradigm shift in the world order. The new key player to dominate diplomacy and the peace process in Central and South East Asia, Central Europe, is now led by the US President and actively supported by Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Qatar. China and Turkey are silent players against India, whereas Russia itself is struggling to get out of the Ukraine issue. Undoubtedly, the strong leadership of India is capable of dealing with the group of current and key stakeholders to ensure that it safeguards its strategies, diplomatic and financial interests, as well as ensures the outcome of these endeavours on the Indo-Pak Scenario.

Given the past track record of Pakistan and its unwritten anti-India doctrine, it is highly unlikely that Pakistan will ever deviate from its strategies of Proxy war against India.
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25/04/2025

A Piece of opinion authored by me on “Pahalgam terror attack and Religion-targeted killings: The Countdown to act decisively to demolish the root cause forever” was carried on 25 Apr 2025 in the Daily Guardian on page no.8.

In a shocking and religion-targeted killings in a brutal terrorist attack on innocent tourists in Pahalgam, south Kashmir, on 22nd April 2025, a massive concern and agony arose across the country and the globe. As reported,26 tourists were killed by the terror outfit TRF, one of the offshoots of Lashkar-e-Taiba and supported by HAMAS, as revealed in the early reports. The victims included one young Indian Navy officer who had gotten married just one week prior, one IB officer, at least two foreign nationals from Nepal and the UAE, and other civilians who were present. The Terrorists identified tourists by their religion before killing them. They employed the deadliest and prohibited weapons, such as the AK-47 assault rifle, along with the M4 rifle recently used by the US armed forces in Afghanistan. The TRF obtained these weapons from Afghanistan through smuggling, undoubtedly with direct support from the Pakistan army, ISI, and terror outfits like Lashkar-e-Taiba. The Pahalgam terror attack on innocent tourists was the largest in Jammu and Kashmir since the Pulwama incident of 14 February 2019, marking a direct assault on the security forces.

The TRF and LeT attack and mass killings, predominantly of Hindus, was well-planned and had an agenda to create unrest, destabilizing the harmony in the country and dividing the Indian society along religious lines all over, particularly in Kashmir, West Bengal, Bihar, UP, and other sensitive states. The attack was aimed and specifically timed to attract international focus on Kashmir, painting a picture of the distorted facts and falsehood as a disturbed state, compounded by political unrest and violence. The attack was set against the backdrop of the recent and provocative speech by General Munir, the chief of the Pakistan Army, Extradition of Tahawwur Hussain Rana a Pakistani nationalist and one of the most wanted accused and mastermind of the Mumbai Terror attacks in 2008, the visit of the vice president of the USA to India, and Prime Minister Modi's visit to Saudi Arabia, a country that has been very close to Pakistan for several years.

Jammu and Kashmir witnessed tremendous improvement in peace, law and order, development, as well as the successful completion of Lok Sabha and Assembly Elections since August 2019. The establishment has successfully curbed the terrorist activities, terrorist was isolated and eliminated, their sleeper cell, Logistics support, and hideouts were destroyed. Such activities prompted aggressive push and promotion by the terror organization operating from Pakistan, ISI and Pakistan army to ignite terror activities in the valley for their survival as well as to distract their people from the ongoing liberation movement in Baluchistan, Khaybar - Pakhtunwa, and activities of TTPK across the Afghan, Iran and Pakistan border.

Pakistan-sponsored cross-border terrorism has engaged in killings since 1989, the massacre, and the Exodus of Kashmiri Pandits from the Kashmir Valley are brutal incidents. It is estimated that a total of 23,918 terrorists and infiltrators have been killed. Their logistics and other infrastructure were destroyed in Jammu and Kashmir since 1989. During the same period, the security forces have lost 6,636 personnel.

All-out efforts have led to a sharp decline in terrorist activities and killings since 2015, especially after the abrogation of Article 370 on 05 Aug 2019 by the government of India. The 20 deaths reported from 16 militancy-related incidents in 2024 have been the lowest number of deaths in Jammu and Kashmir since 2000.

However, there has been a surge in the activities of the terror outfits and cross-border infiltration in the recent past, mainly due to the unrest and political turmoil in the neighborhood, both in Pakistan and Bangladesh.

The Resistance Front (TRF), an offshoot of Pakistan-based Lashkar-e-Taiba, emerged in the aftermath of the abrogation of Article 370 of Jammu and Kashmir in August 2019. TRF was constituted by LeT to shield their terror activities in Kashmir. The TRF was led by Sheikh Sajjad Gul and supported by Basit Ahmed Dar. The TRF cadre was primarily composed of members from Hizbul Mujahideen and LeT serving as a proxy. The modus operandi of TRF is centered on attacking civilians to create unrest in the region. The TRF cadre has been designated a banned outfit in India since 2023, and most of their recruits have been neutralized by the security forces in recent times. However, TRF's strength has been bolstered by LeT, ISI, and the Pak Army. The entry of HAMAS into the network of LeT, Jash, and TRF raises significant concerns, signaling a potential new coalition and alignment of terror outfits in India and Southeast Asia.

Prime Minister Modi and the Government of India have noticeably focused on the strategy and future actions against cross-border, state-sponsored terrorism. The Home Minister immediately rushed to the scene to oversee the rescue operation. PM Modi shortened his visit to Saudi Arabia and convened an urgent meeting of the Cabinet Committee on Security, the government's highest decision-making body regarding national security issues. The decision to recall the High Commissioner, reduce the staff strength at the High Commission in Pakistan, impose a ban on SAARC visas for Pakistani nationals, suspend the Indus Water Treaty, and close the Atari border checkpoint are among the few strong measures taken against Pakistan.

The Armed Forces are always well prepared with having Plan A, B, or C to act immediately on the direction of the government to any extent.

In addition, the Government has to ensure and curb any internal and external threat, attempt, and conspiracy to polarize the society on the religious module.

All-out efforts are the need of the hour to break the chain, the Network and infrastructure of PFI, TRF, ISIS, JMB, LeT, Jash, and Al-Qaeda in the Indian-Sub Subcontinent (AQIS) in different districts of Assam and the splinter groups of the terror group Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB) and other terror outfits operating in any part of the country.

The diplomatic efforts are essentially a prerequisite to ensure absolute isolation, expose cross-border state-sponsored terrorism, impose international pressure and sanctions, including economic and strategic, as well as to ensure ultimate diplomatic isolation of the neighboring country. In the same manner, it is highly imperative to initiate Confidence-building measures and maintain a sustainable religious harmony. Terrorism has no religion except hate, and religion per se is not the flagship of any act of terrorism.

Though the Government has identified 42 launching pads in POK, the country expects a very loud, bigger and decisive action, like the creation of Bangladesh in 1971, clubbed with the geographical realignment of entire Kashmir under the Indian Flag and constitution rather than having a symbolic surgical strike.

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23/04/2025

A Piece of Opinion on “ India's high trajectory on DEW (Direct energy weapons) and Its Global impact ” written by me was carried on page 8 of The Daily Guardian on 23 Apr 2025.

The Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO)has announced the successful trial of a Mk-II(A) 30 kW Laser-Directed Energy Weapon (DEW) system on 13 April 2025 at the National Open-Air Range (NOAR), Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh. The Mk-II (A) Laser weapon has demonstrated its precision to engage the target like fixed wing Drone, missiles, helicopters, swarm drones and smaller projectile at the long range that to at the speed of light making them disintegrated and dysfunctional by piercing the laser beam into target, leading to counter drone attack, and destroying enemy surveillance sensors and antennae. Till now, the armed forces and paramilitary forces have been using IDD&IS systems, with 2-kilowatt lasers on LOC to counter small drones within the range of merely 1 to 2 km.
The successful trial of Laser DEW is a testament of the capabilities of India to develop and operate DEW, the weapon system of the future, and space war, thereby to attain the elite position along with the US, Russia, and China to have the capabilities of developing and operational deployment of such advanced systems.
In addition to the US, Russia, China, and India, the militaries of prominent countries like France, the United Kingdom, Germany, Israel, and Pakistan are also developing DEW systems. Whereas countries like North Korea, Iran, and Turkey may have a DEW system in their setup.

The concept of Directed Energy Weapon (DEW)was conceived by the US during the regime of President Reagan as a strategic defence initiative (nicknamed the Star Wars Programme). DEW, a futuristic weaponry technology that can be independent of the environment, all weather, absolutely stealth, and should be able to function in space as a counter-defensive or assault system to ensure tactical and strategic superiority in space.

A directed-energy weapon (DEW) is a high-energy system those are based on the direct application of a focused hypersonic electromagnetic beam generated by Lasers, microwaves, particle beams, or ultrasonic sources. DEW identifies its target by radar or by its inbuilt Electro-Optic (EO) system. These ranged weapons are capable of destroying or making dysfunctional any given target by piercing and cut through the target, like personnel, vehicles, tanks, artillery missiles, ships, UAVs, Aircraft, satellites, or any kinetic or non-kinetic targets by the virtue of its property of highly focused intense beam of energy clubbed with hypersonic speed without a solid projectile as well as not influenced by the adverse impact of gravity or atmospheric conditions. Hence combination of speed and precision makes DEW a lethal and futuristic tool of military warfare. Over and above, the DEW systems are much more cost-effective compared to the conventional arsenal. 30 KW standard Laser weapon typically acts as a deterrent and destroyer of fixed-wing drones and other medium-sized static or kinetic targets. A 100-kilowatt laser weapon acts as a lethal weapon against UAVs and artillery, whereas a 300-kilowatt laser system is capable of destroying small aircraft, vehicles, and missiles. Laser weapons of one megawatt can effectively counter large missiles and hypersonic systems.

The US military has established itself as the most lethal and highly advanced force in developing and deploying Directed Energy Weapons (DEW) systems in operational roles. The US has already developed laser weapons with a power output of up to 300 kW and is now heading towards manufacturing DEW systems with a power output of 500 kW. Directed energy systems are in an active operational role in all the arms of US forces, including the Army, Navy, Air Force, as well as space and strategic forces.

The Valkyrie, the most advanced and lethal laser weapon of the US armed forces, has been developed by Lockheed Martin under the Army's Indirect Fire Protection Capability-High Energy Laser (IFPC-HEL). The Valkyrie, a 300-kW energy laser system mounted on a heavy tactical truck and acts as a counter-offensive mode against offensive unmanned aerial systems, munitions, as well as cruise missiles. The system is undergoing upgradation up to 500 kW. The laser system, ranging between 20 to 50 kW, has been deployed with its new Infantry Squad Vehicle (ISV) assault vehicles. The US forces are gearing up to deploy high-powered microwave (HPM) weapons in the desert. The HPM weapons are capable of countering entire swarms of drones. The other noted DEW systems operated by the US Navy are High Energy Laser with Integrated Optical Dazzler and Surveillance System, or HELIOS, and AN/SEQ-3 Laser Weapon System (LaWS). These DEW systems can be deployed on ships, land vehicles, and aircraft.

Russia has acquired significant capabilities and competence to develop, manufacture, and deploy DEW systems. Russia has developed High-Energy Lasers (HELs) and High-Power Microwaves (HPMs) to counteract drones, missiles, and disrupt electronic and navigation systems. The "Peresvet" laser is highly effective in engaging drones as well as blind satellites up to 1,500 km above Earth. Zadira is another newly developed laser weapon based on the application of the wide electromagnetic band. Stupor is an HPM device that is capable of counteracting drone controls and cameras up to a range of two kilometers.

China has taken a very big leap in developing highly compact and powerful Laser weapons up to 100 KW energy and is heading towards deploying 300 KW laser weapons. China is all set to develop high precision capacities in anti-satellite warfare to counterattack rival countries' satellites in orbit itself to make them disable or destroy.
China has also acquired the competency and infrastructure to develop high-power microwave (HPM) directed energy weapons. These weapons generate very high-intensity electromagnetic pulses up to one gigawatt and comparable to nuclear energy. Such weapons are capable of firing thousands of intense pulses within a couple of seconds. As per the assessment, China has already installed a DEW weapon system on one of its Type 071 amphibious assault ships, ground-based systems, and potentially even space-based platforms.

Pakistan is dependent on China and other countries to acquire directed energy weapon systems. Pakistan is far away from India in developing and manufacturing laser or microwave weapons. However, they have got capabilities to develop Drones and laser-guided missiles with the help of China.

With the present global scenario of the DEW system especially the Chinese aggressive approach to ensuring space superiority, restructuring its future space station into a Space military hub, and augmenting its counter-defence in space by incorporating DEW systems, India is bound to augment and upgrade the quality of Directed Energy weapons including developing, manufacturing and subsequent tactical deployment.

There is a strong need for India to focus on developing a Directionally Unrestricted Ray-Gun Array, a 100-kilowatt lightweight high-intensity laser system at par with available DEW with the US and China, so as to achieve proficiency to counteract drones, missiles, and artillery shells. The further upgradation to the range of 300 to 500 kW will facilitate an advanced platform in the future. In the same manner to counter the growing precision by China in the domain of high-power microwave (HPM), plasma, and simulating the developing artificial solar energy, India must take the project of developing linear electron accelerator technology. The linear electron accelerator technology, coupled with the Beam Directing System (BDS) of auto focusing of the high-power laser beam onto a distant moving target in the required operating range, is the future of DEW in the next two decades or so.

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