16/05/2025
Hip osteoarthritis is a condition in which the Hip joints become inflamed and the cartilage that lines the bones become worse.
-
flexion,
extension,
abduction,
adduction, and hip rotation.
■hip flexion from (iliacus, psoas, pectineus, re**us femoris, and sartorius.) = 0 to 126 degrees
■hip Extension from (Gluteus Maximus, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, and Biceps Femoris (long head)) = 116 to 0 degrees.
■hip Adduction (Adductor Magnus, Adductor Longus, Adductor Brevis, Gracilis, Pectineus) = 0 to 45 degrees
■hip Abduction (Gluteus Medius, Tensor Fascia Latae) = 45 to 0 degrees
■hip External rotation (Gluteus Maximus, Gemellus Superior, Obturator Externus, Obturator Internus, Piriformis) = 0 to 45 degrees
■hip Internal rotation (Tensor Fascia Latae, Gluteus Minimus) = 0 to 45 degrees.
● Blood Supply femoral artery, superficial circumflex iliac artery, external pudendal artery.
of osteoarthritis of the hip
■secondary and primary
secondary to congenital or developmental deformities
■primary presuming some underlying abnormality of articular cartilage
others
》Idiopathic/unknown
》Previous trauma
》acetabular dysplasia; femoroacetabular impingement; inflammatory joint disease, e.g. septic arthritis; hemochromatosis, hemophilia; iatrogenic, e.g. multiple intra-articular steroid injections.
factors for Hip osteoarthritis
older age
gender
previous injury
obesity
certain occupations
poor posture
genetics
climbing stairs
walking
Age
of Hip osteoarthritis
tenderness
loss of flexibility
grating sensation
bone spurs
swelling
●Advanced Hip OA
osteophytes
subchondral thickening
cyst
joint space narrowing
diagnosis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Septic arthritis
Osteomyelitis
Hip dislocation
Gout
Fractured neck of femur
Referred from the lumbar spine
Referred from sacroiliac joint
of Hip osteoarthritis:
● Investigations
》patient history and physical examination.
》AP radiographs
》Joint space narrowing, marginal osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis, and bone cysts
》XRAY shows how much space between the joints.
tests
》Thomas test
》Trendelenberg sign
》FABER test
》FADER test
》Ober’s test
》Log roll test
》Stinchfield test
》Ely’s test
treatment in Hip osteoarthritis
■ Range of Motion Exercises:
Hip Extension
■ Strengthening Exercises
■ Stretching exercises
》Hamstring Stretch
》Knee-to-Chest Stretch
》Standing Iliotibial Band Stretch
》Side-Lying Hip Flexor Stretch
》Half-Kneeling Hip Flexor Stretch
》Supine Hip Flexor Stretch
■ Water exercises: Swimming
■ Electrotherapy-
》TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)
》Interferential Therapy (IFT)
》Short Wave Diathermy ( SWD )
》Ultrasound (US)
■ Low-impact: swimming, cycling, or walking
■ High-impact activities like running or jumping.
■ other therapies
》acupuncture
》cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
》application of heat pads
■Lifestyle modifications