mlt lovers

22/09/2025

22/09/2025

19/09/2025

19/09/2025

🚑 Chest pain ? Doctors rely on the Troponin Test to quickly detect heart damage. Early detection saves lives.❤️

08/09/2025

👩‍🍼 Did you know?
Pregnant women are screened for GDM with a special glucose tolerance test!
⚡ Just one abnormal value (fasting, 1 hr, or 2 hr) = GDM.
📊 Lab tests save lives 💙

06/09/2025

I got over 10 reactions on one of my posts last week! Thanks everyone for your support! 🎉

06/09/2025

Typhiod IgG IgM

02/09/2025

Possible Causes
Kidney Stones:
Sharp, sudden pain in the lower back or groin, blood in the urine, and a frequent urge to urinate are classic symptoms.
Kidney Infection (Pyelonephritis):
This is a dangerous infection where symptoms can include lower back pain, fever, chills, pain during urination, blood in the urine, and frequent urination.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI):
A UTI that spreads to the kidneys can cause back pain, along with other urinary symptoms.
Bladder Stones:
These can lead to lower back or abdomen pain, frequent urination, and blood in the urine.
Prostate Issues:
For men, an enlarged prostate can cause hip, lower back, or abdomen pain, and an increased need to urinate frequently.
Kidney Cysts:
These can cause back pain and blood in the urine.
Kidney Inflammation (Glomerulonephritis):
This condition can cause blood in the urine (making it look foamy or brown) and swelling, though it may not always present with distinct back pain.

31/08/2025

Diseases that are commonly found or may increase in September include the "September Asthma Epidemic," vector-borne diseases like dengue, malaria, and chikungunya (due to continued monsoon or post-monsoon conditions in India), typhoid, and the start of the flu season. In addition, food and waterborne illnesses such as jaundice and diarrhea can also rise during or after periods of monsoon-related contamination.

29/08/2025

21/08/2025

CA 125 (Cancer Antigen 125) is a protein that is often measured in the blood and used as a tumor marker, especially in the context of ovarian cancer.

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🔬 What is CA 125?

Full Name: Cancer Antigen 125

Type: Glycoprotein

Produced by: Cells derived from coelomic epithelium (e.g., ovaries, peritoneum, pleura, and pericardium).

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🩺 Clinical Use of CA 125:

Purpose Details

1. Tumor Marker Most commonly associated with epithelial ovarian cancer.
2. Monitoring Used to monitor response to treatment and recurrence in patients already diagnosed with ovarian cancer.
3. Not for Screening Alone Not specific or sensitive enough to be used as a general screening test for ovarian cancer.

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📈 Normal and Abnormal Levels:

Normal range: Usually < 35 U/mL

Elevated CA 125 can occur in:

Ovarian cancer

Endometriosis

Uterine fibroids

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Liver disease

Pregnancy

Menstruation
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⚠️ Limitations:

Not cancer-specific: Can be elevated in non-cancerous conditions.

Not useful in all ovarian cancers: Some types do not produce CA 125.

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🧪 Test Method:

Blood test (usually immunoassay-based).

✅ Purpose:

To measure the concentration of CA 125 antigen in the blood, which can help monitor ovarian cancer and other related conditions.

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🧷 Sample Type:

Venous blood sample

Collected in a plain (red-top) or serum separator tube (SST / gold-top)

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🧫 Step-by-Step Procedure:

1. Patient Preparation

No fasting required.

Explain the procedure to the patient.

Confirm identity and consent.

2. Sample Collection

Use standard venipuncture technique.

Collect 3–5 mL of blood into the appropriate tube.

Let it clot at room temperature (~30 minutes if using a plain tube).

3. Centrifugation

Centrifuge the sample at 3000 rpm for 10–15 minutes.

Separate the serum carefully without disturbing the clot.

4. Storage (if not tested immediately)

Store serum at 2–8°C for up to 48 hours, or freeze at -20°C for longer storage.

5. Testing Method

Most commonly performed using:

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)

Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) — e.g., on Roche Cobas analyzers

Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA) — e.g., on Abbott Architect analyzers

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🔍 Principle (e.g., ELISA-based Method):

1. Wells are coated with anti-CA 125 antibody.

2. Add serum sample → CA 125 antigen binds to antibody.

3. Add enzyme-linked secondary antibody → forms antigen-antibody-enzyme complex.

4. Add substrate → enzyme acts on substrate to produce color reaction.

5. Measure the optical density (OD) in a microplate reader.

6. Compare with standard curve to calculate CA 125 concentration.

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📊 Reference Range:

Normal: < 35 U/mL

Elevated: > 35 U/mL (interpret with clinical context)