14/06/2025
A **rotator cuff injury** is a common condition that affects the shoulder, particularly among athletes, laborers, and older adults. The **rotator cuff** is a group of four muscles and their associated tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint and enable a wide range of arm movements, including lifting, rotating, and reaching.
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# # # **Anatomy of the Rotator Cuff**
The rotator cuff consists of four muscles:
1. **Supraspinatus**
2. **Infraspinatus**
3. **Teres minor**
4. **Subscapularis**
These muscles originate from the scapula (shoulder blade) and attach to the humerus (upper arm bone), forming a “cuff” around the shoulder joint.
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# # # **Types of Rotator Cuff Injuries**
Rotator cuff injuries can range from mild inflammation to complete tendon tears:
* **Tendinitis**: Inflammation of the tendons, often due to overuse.
* **Bursitis**: Inflammation of the bursa (a fluid-filled sac) near the cuff.
* **Partial Tear**: The tendon is damaged but not completely severed.
* **Complete Tear**: The tendon is completely torn and may pull away from the bone.
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# # # **Causes and Risk Factors**
* **Repetitive Overhead Movements**: Common in sports (e.g., baseball, tennis) or jobs (e.g., painting, carpentry).
* **Trauma**: Falls or lifting heavy objects suddenly.
* **Age-Related Degeneration**: Wear and tear over time, especially after age 40.
* **Poor Posture**: Can contribute to shoulder strain.
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# # # **Symptoms**
* Pain when lifting or rotating the arm
* Weakness in the shoulder
* Difficulty sleeping on the affected side
* Cracking or popping sensations
* Limited range of motion
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# # # **Diagnosis**
Doctors typically use:
* **Physical examination** (checking range of motion and strength)
* **Imaging tests** like **X-rays**, **MRI**, or **ultrasound** to assess tendon damage.
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# # # **Treatment Options**
Treatment depends on severity:
# # # # *Non-Surgical*:
* **Rest and Ice**
* **Physical Therapy**
* **Anti-inflammatory Medications**
* **Corticosteroid Injections**
# # # # *Surgical* (if conservative measures fail or in severe tears):
* **Arthroscopic Tendon Repair**
* **Open Surgery**
* **Tendon Transfer or Shoulder Replacement** (in chronic or massive tears)
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# # # **Rehabilitation and Recovery**
Recovery time varies:
* Minor injuries: several weeks
* Surgery: 4–6 months or longer with physical therapy
Strengthening the shoulder, avoiding re-injury, and maintaining proper mechanics are essential parts of rehabilitation.
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# # # **Prevention Tips**
* Warm up before activities
* Strengthen shoulder and upper back muscles
* Use proper technique in sports or lifting
* Avoid repetitive overhead motions when possible
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