19/06/2025
An allergy is a reaction by the body's immune system to a substance that is usually harmless. This overreaction, known as a hypersensitive response, can cause various symptoms, from mild irritation to severe, life-threatening reactions. These substances that trigger allergic reactions are called allergens.
Common allergens include:
Airborne allergens: Pollen, dust mites, mold spores, pet dander.
Food allergens: Peanuts, tree nuts, milk, eggs, soy, wheat, fish, shellfish.
Insect stings: Bee and wasp venom.
Medications: Certain drugs can cause allergic reactions.
Contact allergens: Poison ivy, latex, certain metals.
Symptoms of allergies can vary widely:
Skin reactions: Rashes, hives, eczema.
Nasal symptoms: Runny nose, sneezing, congestion, itchy eyes.
Respiratory symptoms: Wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath.
Gastrointestinal symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.
Severe, life-threatening reactions (anaphylaxis): Swelling of the throat, difficulty breathing, dizziness, loss of consciousness.
Diagnosis and treatment:
Allergies are often diagnosed through skin prick tests, blood tests, or elimination diets.
Treatment options include antihistamines, nasal steroids, and in severe cases, epinephrine (adrenaline) for anaphylaxis.
Avoiding known allergens is crucial for managing allergies.
Key points about allergies:
Allergies are a common chronic health condition.
A family history of allergies can increase the risk of developing them.
Allergic reactions can be mild or severe, and some can be life-threatening.
Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent complications.
