SSV Sri Sai Vighneswara Laboratories

14/01/2025

మీకు మీ కుటుంబ సభ్యులకు సంక్రాంతి పండుగ శుభాకాంక్షలు

07/01/2025

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV)
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a virus that usually causes symptoms similar to a cold. You might cough or wheeze, have a runny nose or a sore throat. Most cases are mild, but young children, adults over 65 and people with weakened immune systems are at a higher risk for serious illness. HMPV is common - most people get it before they turn 5

What is human metapneumovirus (HMPV)?

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a virus that usually causes symptoms similar to the common cold. It often causes upper respiratory infections, but it can sometimes cause lower respiratory infections like pneumonia, asthma flare-ups or make chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) worse. HMPV infections are more common in the winter and early spring.
Most people get HMPV before they turn 5. You can get HMPV again, but symptoms are usually mild after your first infection

Is human metapneumovirus just a cold?
Human metapneumovirus most often causes symptoms similar to a cold, but some people can get very sick. You’re more likely to get severely sick the first time you get HMPV, which is why young kids have a greater risk for serious illness. You get some protection (immunity) from your first infection and then are more likely to have mild, cold-like symptoms if you get another HMPV infection. Adults over 65 and people with breathing problems or a weakened immune system may also get severe symptoms.

How common is human metapneumovirus?
Researchers estimate that about 10% to 12% of respiratory illnesses in children are caused by HMPV. Most cases are mild, but about 5% to 16% of children will develop a lower respiratory tract infection like pneumonia.
Is human metapneumovirus the same as RSV?
It’s not the same, but human metapneumovirus is similar to RSV (respiratory syncytial virus). It’s part of the same genus — or scientific grouping — as RSV (Pneumovirus), and can cause similar symptoms. The peak age for severe illness from HMPV is between 6 and 12 months, but RSV is more likely to cause severe illness in infants younger than 6 months.

What are the symptoms of human metapneumovirus?
Symptoms of human metapneumovirus include:
Overview
Symptoms of hMPV include fever, cough, runny or stuffy nose, wheezing, shortness of breath, sore throat and rash.
The symptoms of human metapneumovirus are often similar to the common cold.
What is human metapneumovirus (HMPV)?
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a virus that usually causes symptoms similar to the common cold. It often causes upper respiratory infections, but it can sometimes cause lower respiratory infections like pneumonia, asthma flare-ups or make chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) worse. HMPV infections are more common in the winter and early
Most people get HMPV before they turn 5. You can get HMPV again, but symptoms are usually mild after your first .

Is human metapneumovirus the same as RSV?
It’s not the same, but human metapneumovirus is similar to RSV (respiratory syncytial virus). It’s part of the same genus — or scientific grouping — as RSV (Pneumovirus), and can cause similar symptoms. The peak age for severe illness from HMPV is between 6 and 12 months, but RSV is more likely to cause severe illness in infants younger than 6 months.

What causes a human metapneumovirus infection?
A virus — a small germ that uses your cells to make more copies of itself — causes HMPV. It’s part of the same group of viruses that cause RSV, measles and mumps.

How is human metapneumovirus transmitted?
HMPV spreads through direct contact with someone who has it or from touching things contaminated with the virus. For instance:

Coughing and sneezing.
Shaking hands, hugging or kissing.
Touching surfaces or objects like phones, door handles, keyboards or toys.
What are the risk factors for human metapneumovirus?
Anyone can get HMPV, but you’re at a higher risk for severe illness if you:

Are younger than 5 (especially premature infants) or older than 65.
Have a weakened immune system (from conditions like HIV, cancer or autoimmune disorders, or from medications that suppress your immune system).
Have asthma or COPD.
What are the complications of human metapneumovirus?
Sometimes HMPV causes complications. These might be serious and require you to be hospitalized. They include:

Bronchiolitis.
Bronchitis.
Pneumonia.
Asthma or COPD flare-ups.
Ear infection (otitis media).
Diagnosis and Tests
How is human metapneumovirus diagnosed?
Healthcare providers usually diagnose HMPV based on your symptoms and health history. They might use a soft-tipped stick (swab) to get a sample from your nose or throat. A lab tests the sample for viruses and other infections. Keep in mind that you probably won’t be tested for HMPV unless you have serious symptoms.

Sometimes, your provider may also do a bronchoscopy or chest X-rays to look for changes in the airways of your lungs.

Management and Treatment
How is human metapneumovirus treated?
There aren’t any antiviral medications that treat human metapneumovirus. Most people can manage their symptoms at home until they feel better.

If you or your child are severely ill, you might need to be admitted to the hospital. There, healthcare providers can monitor your condition and help prevent you from getting sicker. They might treat you with:

Oxygen therapy. If you’re having a hard time breathing, a provider may give you extra oxygen through a tube in your nose or mask on your face.
IV fluids. Fluids delivered directly to your vein (IV) can keep you hydrated.
Corticosteroids. Steroids can reduce inflammation and might ease some of your symptoms.
Do you need antibiotics for human metapneumovirus?
No. Antibiotics only treat bacteria. Since HMPV is a virus, antibiotics won’t get rid of it. Sometimes people who get pneumonia from HMPV also get a bacterial infection at the same time (secondary infection). If your provider prescribes antibiotics, it would be to treat any secondary infections.
Prevention
Can you prevent a human metapneumovirus infection?
You can reduce your risk of getting HMPV and other infectious diseases by:

Washing your hands often with soap and water. If you aren’t able to use soap and water, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
Cover your nose and mouth — with your elbow, not your bare hand — when you sneeze or cough.
Avoid being around other people when you or they are sick with a cold or other contagious diseases.
Consider wearing a mask if you’re sick and can’t avoid being around others.
Avoid touching your face, eyes, nose and mouth.
Don’t share food or eating utensils (forks, spoons, cups) with others
Outlook / Prognosis
Overview
Symptoms of hMPV include fever, cough, runny or stuffy nose, wheezing, shortness of breath, sore throat and rash.
The symptoms of human metapneumovirus are often similar to the common cold.
What is human metapneumovirus (HMPV)?
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a virus that usually causes symptoms similar to the common cold. It often causes upper respiratory infections, but it can sometimes cause lower respiratory infections like pneumonia, asthma flare-ups or make chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) worse. HMPV infections are more common in the winter and early spring.

Most people get HMPV before they turn 5. You can get HMPV again, but symptoms are usually mild after your first infection.

How long does human metapneumovirus last?
Mild cases of human metapneumovirus usually last a few days to a week. If you’re very sick, it’ll probably take longer to feel better. You might also have lingering symptoms, like a cough, that take longer to go away.

How do I take care of myself?
You can manage mild, cold-like symptoms of HMPV at home by:

Drinking lots of fluids to prevent dehydration.
Taking over-the-counter (OTC) medications like pain relievers, decongestants and cough suppressants to help your symptoms. Don’t give medications to kids without asking their pediatrician first — some medications that are OK for adults aren’t safe for kids.
When should I see my healthcare provider?
Contact a healthcare provider if:

You or your child has symptoms of a respiratory infection and an underlying condition that puts you or them at an elevated risk for severe illness.
Your symptoms or your child’s symptoms don’t start to improve within a few days or if you or your child has a fever lasting longer than three days.
When should I go to the ER?
Go to the ER or seek immediate medical attention if you or your child has symptoms of severe illness, including:

High fever (over 103 degrees Fahrenheit /40 degrees Celsius).
Difficulty breathing.
Bluish skin, lips or nails (cyanosis).
Worsening of other health conditions
Courtesy by Cleveland Clinic

22/12/2024

Yesterday eve B day celebrations at our home
Many many happy returns of the day my 🌎

15/12/2024

15/12/2024

Acne is a common skin condition that causes pimples, whiteheads, blackheads, and sometimes cysts. It mainly affects teenagers, but it can also affect adults.
Causes:
-Hormones: During puberty, hormone levels increase, causing oil glands to produce more oil. This excess oil can clog pores and lead to acne.
-Bacteria: A type of bacteria called Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) lives on the skin. When oil clogs pores, it creates a breeding ground for these bacteria, which can cause inflammation and pimples.
-Dead Skin Cells: Dead skin cells can also clog pores, contributing to acne.
Types of Acne:
1.Whiteheads: Closed, pus-filled bumps under the skin.
2.Blackheads: Open, dark-colored bumps caused by oxidized oil.
3.Pimples: Red, inflamed bumps that may contain pus.
4.Nodules: Large, hard, painful bumps deep under the skin.
5.Cysts: Large, pus-filled bumps that can cause scarring.
Treatment:
The best treatment for acne depends on the severity of your condition. Here are some common treatments:
-Over-the-counter medications: These include benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, and sulfur. They help kill bacteria and unclog pores.
Prescription medications: These include topical retinoids, antibiotics, and birth control pills. They can help reduce inflammation and kill bacteria.
-Professional treatments: These include chemical peels, microdermabrasion, and light therapy. They can help improve the appearance of acne scars.
Tips for Managing Acne:
-Wash your face twice a day: Use a gentle cleanser to remove dirt, oil, and makeup.
-Don't pick at your pimples: This can worsen inflammation and lead to scarring.
-Avoid touching your face: This can transfer bacteria from your hands to your face.
-Use oil-free or non-comedogenic products: These products won't clog your pores.
-Eat a healthy diet: Some studies suggest that a diet low in sugar and processed foods may help improve acne.
-Manage stress: Stress can worsen acne. Find healthy ways to manage stress, such as exercise, yoga, or meditation

15/12/2024

Nipah Virus: A Comprehensive Overview
The Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic virus (transmitted from animals to humans) that can cause severe illness in humans, including respiratory infections and encephalitis (brain inflammation). It is considered a public health concern due to its high fatality rate and potential for outbreaks.

1. Causes and Transmission
Origin
First identified in 1998-1999 during an outbreak in Malaysia and Singapore.
The virus is primarily carried by fruit bats (Pteropus species), also known as flying foxes, which act as natural reservoirs.
Modes of Transmission
Animal to Human:

Direct contact with infected animals (e.g., pigs, bats).
Consumption of raw date palm sap contaminated by bat saliva or urine.
Human to Human:

Close contact with infected individuals' respiratory droplets, bodily fluids, or contaminated objects.
2. Symptoms
The incubation period (time between infection and symptoms) is typically 5-14 days, but can extend up to 45 days.

Early Symptoms:
Fever
Headache
Muscle pain (myalgia)
Sore throat
Vomiting
Severe Symptoms:
Difficulty breathing
Drowsiness, confusion, or altered mental state
Seizures
Encephalitis, leading to coma in severe cases
3. Complications
Encephalitis: Inflammation of the brain, which can be fatal.
Respiratory Distress: Severe lung infections.
Long-term Effects: Neurological conditions, such as persistent seizures or personality changes, in survivors.
Mortality Rate: Estimated to be 40-75%, depending on the outbreak and healthcare response.
4. Diagnosis
Laboratory Tests:
RT-PCR: To detect viral RNA in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, throat swabs, or urine.
Serological Tests: ELISA to detect antibodies against Nipah virus.
Virus Isolation: In specialized biosafety labs.
5. Treatment
Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine for Nipah virus. Treatment focuses on supportive care:

Managing Symptoms: Fever, respiratory distress, and neurological complications.
Hospitalization: For severe cases requiring intensive care.
Experimental Therapies:
Monoclonal antibodies are being developed and tested for effectiveness.
6. Prevention
Avoiding Animal-Human Transmission
Avoid Raw Date Palm Sap: Cover trees to prevent bat contamination.
Limit Contact with Bats and Pigs: Avoid handling sick animals or their tissues.
Proper Animal Handling: Farmers and veterinarians should use protective gear.
Preventing Human-Human Transmission
Personal Hygiene: Wash hands regularly with soap and water.
Isolation of Infected Individuals: To prevent further spread.
Protective Gear for Healthcare Workers: Use masks, gloves, and gowns when treating patients.
Public Awareness
Educate communities about symptoms, transmission, and the importance of seeking medical help early.

7. Recent Outbreaks and Global Impact
Bangladesh and India have witnessed repeated outbreaks, often linked to raw date palm sap consumption and human-to-human transmission.
Nipah virus is considered a priority pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to its epidemic potential.
Key Takeaway
The Nipah virus is a deadly pathogen with serious health risks and no specific cure. Preventive measures, early detection, and supportive care are crucial in managing outbreaks and reducing fatalities. Public awareness and research into vaccines and treatments are essential to control its spread.

15/12/2024

Here are 10 common myths and facts about diabetes:

1. Myth: Diabetes is caused by eating too much sugar.
Fact: While excessive sugar intake can contribute to weight gain and increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, the disease itself is primarily caused by genetics, lifestyle factors, and insulin resistance, not just sugar consumption.
2. Myth: People with diabetes can't eat sweets.
Fact: People with diabetes can enjoy sweets in moderation, as long as they manage their blood sugar levels and incorporate them into a balanced diet. The key is portion control and planning meals to avoid spikes in blood sugar.
3. Myth: Diabetes only affects older adults.
Fact: While type 2 diabetes is more common in older adults, it can affect people of all ages, including children and young adults, particularly with the rise of obesity and sedentary lifestyles.
4. Myth: Insulin cures diabetes.
Fact: Insulin helps manage blood sugar levels in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes but does not cure the condition. It is a lifelong management tool, not a cure.
5. Myth: People with diabetes should avoid all carbohydrates.
Fact: Carbohydrates are an essential part of a balanced diet. People with diabetes should focus on the quality of carbohydrates, choosing whole grains, fruits, and vegetables that are rich in fiber to help regulate blood sugar.
6. Myth: Diabetes is not a serious disease.
Fact: Diabetes is a chronic condition that can lead to serious complications, including heart disease, kidney damage, nerve damage, and blindness, if not properly managed.
7. Myth: If you have diabetes, you can't exercise.
Fact: Regular physical activity is beneficial for people with diabetes. It helps control blood sugar, reduces the risk of complications, and improves overall health. Always consult a doctor before starting a new exercise routine.
8. Myth: Type 1 diabetes is caused by lifestyle choices.
Fact: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. It is not caused by lifestyle factors and is most commonly diagnosed in children and young adults.
9. Myth: Only overweight people get type 2 diabetes.
Fact: While being overweight is a risk factor, people of all body types can develop type 2 diabetes. Genetics, age, and other factors also play a significant role in the development of the disease.
10. Myth: Once you start taking medication for diabetes, you can stop worrying about your diet and lifestyle.
Fact: Medication helps manage blood sugar levels, but a healthy diet, regular exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight are essential for effective diabetes management. Lifestyle changes are crucial in controlling the disease.