ECHO echocardiography ايكو Samawa

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24/03/2025
24/03/2025

🔴 Venous thromboembolism and Duration of Anticoagulation ⤵️

🔹Basics of diagnosis and treatment of venous thromboembolism

🔹Category of Major persistent risk factor, requiring long term anticoagulation.

🔹 Review article describes various nuances of anticoagulation.

🔹Learn more here: bit.ly/3EAaVNZ

07/01/2025

40 years diabetic woman presented with continuous like machinery murmur with no symptoms apart from mild dyspnea on exertion . I think it’s an aneurysmal dilation of Sinus of Valsalva . What about your opinion & what about the next step please.

07/01/2025
06/01/2025

Asymptomatic murmur in a diabetic 40 years female. Your opinions please .

31/12/2024

Epstein’s Anomaly is a rare congenital heart defect that affects the tricuspid valve and the right side of the heart. Here’s a detailed overview:

Causes:
• Epstein’s anomaly occurs due to improper development of the tricuspid valve during fetal development.
• The exact cause is often unknown but may be linked to genetic or environmental factors.

Pathophysiology:
• The tricuspid valve is positioned abnormally low in the right ventricle, causing:
• Atrialization: Part of the right ventricle becomes part of the right atrium, reducing the functional size of the right ventricle.
• Tricuspid regurgitation: Blood flows backward into the right atrium when the heart contracts.

Symptoms:
• Symptoms vary depending on severity and may include:
• Cyanosis (blue skin due to low oxygen levels)
• Fatigue or shortness of breath
• Palpitations or arrhythmias
• Swelling in the legs or abdomen
• Heart murmur (detected during examination)

Diagnosis:
1. Clinical Examination: Detection of heart murmurs.
2. Echocardiogram: The primary tool to visualize valve abnormalities.
3. Electrocardiogram (ECG): May show arrhythmias or other electrical abnormalities.
4. Chest X-ray: Shows an enlarged heart in severe cases.
5. MRI or CT Scan: For detailed imaging.
6. Cardiac Catheterization: Measures pressures in the heart chambers.

Treatment:
1. Mild Cases:
• May require no treatment; regular monitoring.
• Lifestyle adjustments and medications to control symptoms like arrhythmias.
2. Medications:
• Diuretics: To reduce fluid buildup.
• Antiarrhythmic drugs: To manage irregular heartbeats.
• Anticoagulants: To prevent blood clots.
3. Surgical Options (for severe cases):
• Valve Repair or Replacement: To improve valve function.
• Fontan Procedure: For associated conditions like hypoplastic right ventricle.
• Heart Transplant: In extreme cases with severe heart failure.

Prognosis:
• Mild cases have a good prognosis with regular follow-ups.
• Severe cases may require lifelong management and surgical interventions.

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