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In today's  !Chronic kidney disease occurs when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) falls below 90 ml/min/1.73 m² over ...
19/08/2024

In today's !

Chronic kidney disease occurs when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) falls below 90 ml/min/1.73 m² over at least three months.

As a quick recap, kidneys regulate what’s in our blood through glomerular filtration. Blood is directed into tiny clumps of arterioles called glomeruli where it’s initially filtered, and the filtrate – the stuff that gets filtered out – moves into the renal tubule.

The rate at which this filtration takes place is GFR. In a normal healthy person, this is somewhere around 100-120 mLs of fluid filtered per minute per 1.73 m² of body surface area. The value is slightly less in biologically female individuals, and it decreases slowly in all of us as we grow older.

Chronic kidney disease is mainly caused by diabetes and hypertension. Other systemic diseases like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can also cause glomerulosclerosis. Additional causes of chronic kidney disease include infections like HIV, as well as long-term use of medications like NSAIDs, and toxins like the ones in to***co.
General signs and symptoms include nausea and a loss of appetite. Toxin buildup can also cause:
• Increased tendency for bleeding
• Encephalopathy resulting in asterixis, a hand tremor that kind of resembles a bird flapping its wings
• Pericarditis, which is inflammation of the lining of the heart
• Uremic frost, where urea crystals can deposit in the skin and look like powdery snowflakes
• Coma and death

To confirm the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease, a kidney biopsy can be done to look for changes like glomerulosclerosis.

Treatment often involves managing the underlying cause. In severe cases, dialysis or a kidney transplant might be needed.

World Hepatitis Day, Clinical and Nursing Pearl! LFTsLiver function tests (LFTs) are a set of tests that check the healt...
28/07/2024

World Hepatitis Day,
Clinical and Nursing Pearl!

LFTs

Liver function tests (LFTs) are a set of tests that check the health of the liver by measuring the enzymes and other substances made by the liver.

Apatient’s LFTs will be measured when there are signs or symptoms of altered liver function, like fatigue, nausea, vomiting, right upper quadrant pain, or jaundice -from ineffective bilirubin excretion. LFTs will also be measured when monitoring patients with acute or chronic liver disease, like hepatitis, or when checking liver function tests in patients taking hepatotoxic medications.

You can use the helpful mnemonic HEPATIC to remember some indications to evaluate a patient’s LFTs:
• H: Hepatotoxic medications
• E: Emesis
• P: Pain (RUQ)
• A: Acute liver disease
• T: Tiredness
• I: Ineffective bilirubin excretion (jaundice)
• C: Chronic liver disease

The all-in-one health education platform where educators teach effectively and students learn efficiently.

26/07/2024
Shout out to my newest followers! Excited to have you onboard! Viola Chepkosgey, Jerida Omukhangu
16/06/2024

Shout out to my newest followers! Excited to have you onboard! Viola Chepkosgey, Jerida Omukhangu

04/06/2024

ENDOMETRIOSIS

✓The occurrence of endometrial tissue/stroma/glands outside the uterine cavity.
✓Endometrium( inner lining of the uterus) is the one which is usually shed every months in addition with unfertilized female germ cell which flows out through the va**na as blood(periods)
✓Endometriosis is noncancerous and slowly progressively over time invasively disseminates to malignancy though it may regress during menopause.

CAUSES

*Usually no know cause but associated with multifactorial Process which involve immune, endocrine, cellular genetic factors.
*Also there's are other theories in association;
✅Metastatic theory- involves lymphatic/ hematogenous spread , iatrogenic implantation, and retrograde menstruation.
✅Metaplastic theory- involves metaplastic changes of cells of the visceral and parietal peritoneum.

TYPES

✅Pelvic- Endometrial tissues within pelvic cavity; peritoneum,
✅Ovarian-with ovarian cysts.
✅Deep infiltrating endometriosis - endometrial extension into retroperitoneal space, severe regions.

COMMON LOCATIONS

√Ovaries
√Cul-de-sac
√Fallopian tubes
√Broad/ round ligaments
√Rectum, pouch of Douglas, bladder, diaphragm, thoracic cavity, √peritoneum

RISK FACTORS for development of endometriosis
©Nulliparous( never given birth)
©Age- pick age of 25-29
©In utero diethylstilbestrol exposure
©Early age of first ©menstruation(menarche)
©Late menopause
©Menstruation flow obstruction
©Increased dietary trans-fats
©Decreased body mass index
©Genetic factors

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
°Can be Asymptomatic
°Dysmenorrhea ( painful periods)
°Dyspareunia ( painful sexual in*******se)
°Menorrhagia (heavy periods)
Pelvic pain
°Bowel- constipation, Hematochezia, obstruction
°Bladder-pain, dysuria, hematuria
°Thoracic- hemoptysis, bronchospasms.

DIAGNOSIS
1. Through Ultrasound- ultrasonography
-2. MRI
3.Pelvic exam
4. Laparoscopy
MANAGEMENT°°°°
There's no definitive treatment for endometriosis but treatment is through;
1. Medications
-pain management with NSAIDs
-GnRH Antagonist to suppress estrogen
-Combined oral contraceptives to manage dysmenorrhea, decrease endometrioma
2. Surgery which be in the form of;
✅ Laparoscopic ectopic endometrial tissue removal.
✅Hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo- oophorectomy.

COMPLICATIONS
✓ Infertility
✓ chronic pain
✓ Endometrioma- which can rupture/perforate
✓pneumothorax/ hemothorax if it spreads to thoracic cavity
✓ Risk of ovarian cancer
© Health BUZZ
© Jose Monari
©Osmosis from Elsevier

On Today's Active Continuous Learning Series is ENDOMETRIOSIS/ENDOMETRIOMA. Feel free to inquire about it  Health BUZZ J...
04/06/2024

On Today's Active Continuous Learning Series is ENDOMETRIOSIS/ENDOMETRIOMA.
Feel free to inquire about it


Health BUZZ
Jose Monari

The treatment for a brain tumour will depend on many things, including the type, size and location of the tumour, as wel...
13/05/2024

The treatment for a brain tumour will depend on many things, including the type, size and location of the tumour, as well as your symptoms, general health and treatment preferences. The main treatment options for a brain tumour include:

● Surgery
● Radiation therapy
● Chemotherapy
● Targeted drug therapy
● Tumour treating fields
● Clinical trials
● Follow-up care and rehabilitation

If you’ve been diagnosed with a specific type of brain tumour, see what treatments may be available to you:

Happy Nurses week
11/05/2024

Happy Nurses week

Today's   is : NEUROBLASTOMANeuroblastoma is a type of cancer that arises from neural crest cells, which are cells invol...
07/05/2024

Today's is : NEUROBLASTOMA

Neuroblastoma is a type of cancer that arises from neural crest cells, which are cells involved in the development of the nervous system. In neuroblastoma, some of these neural crest cells do not mature properly during fetal development and instead continue to divide in their immature state until they form a tumor.

Neuroblastomas often form in the adrenal medulla, but they can also develop in other areas of the sympathetic chain. These tumors typically affect infants and are rarely seen in children over five years old. While no one knows the exact cause, this abnormal cell development has been associated with mutations in growth-regulating genes, such as the MYC, ALK, and PHOX2B genes.

Clinical manifestations of a neuroblastoma depend on the location and size of the tumor:
• Adrenal glands
• Chest
• Spine
• Neck
• Bones
• Lymph nodes
• Bone marrow

Diagnosis of a neuroblastoma involves a combination of laboratory and imaging tests. Lab tests typically show elevated levels of sympathetic hormones. An abdominal ultrasound or CT scan can show the location and size of the tumor, and a complete blood count can help determine whether it has spread to the bone marrow.

Treatment of neuroblastoma depends on the size of the tumor and whether it has spread to other body sites. Infants with small, low-risk tumors may not need specific treatment other than observation, as some of these tumors go away on their own. For older children and those with intermediate or high-risk disease, treatment typically involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

Learn more about neuroblastoma: https://osms.it/path-neuroblastoma-fb
Try Osmosis from Elsevier for free: http://osms.it/free-trial-may24-fb

The all-in-one health education platform where educators teach effectively and students learn efficiently.

Using to***co, especially smoking ci******es, is a major risk factor for bladder cancer. To***co contains harmful chemic...
07/05/2024

Using to***co, especially smoking ci******es, is a major risk factor for bladder cancer. To***co contains harmful chemicals called carcinogens. When you use to***co, these chemicals get absorbed into the bloodstream, are filtered by the kidneys, and then collect in the urine. This exposes your bladder to high levels of these chemicals, which can damage the DNA in the cells lining your bladder. Avoid smoking.

Some foods may boost the performance of the kidneys, while others may place stress on them and cause damage. Apples are ...
03/05/2024

Some foods may boost the performance of the kidneys, while others may place stress on them and cause damage.

Apples are low in , , and , making them a great choice for a .

In the management of labour, the following statement is false about a portogramA: Is used to diagnose false labourB:  Is...
01/05/2024

In the management of labour, the following statement is false about a portogram

A: Is used to diagnose false labour
B: Is a referral tool at a primary care level
C: Assess the progress of labour
D: Reduces prenatal mortality when used appropriately
E: Is useful in diagnosis of obstructed labour,

Health BUZZ
Jose Monari

Immunization is the cornerstone of healthy communities. As we commemorate World Immunization Week, The goal was to raise...
30/04/2024

Immunization is the cornerstone of healthy communities. As we commemorate World Immunization Week, The goal was to raise awareness and ensure everyone has access to life-saving vaccines.
Health BUZZ
Jose Monari
📸 MOH

Happy  ! To raise awareness, today's   is on chronic kidney disease.Chronic kidney disease occurs when the glomerular fi...
14/03/2024

Happy ! To raise awareness, today's is on chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease occurs when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) falls below 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 over at least three months.

As a quick recap, kidneys regulate what’s in our blood through glomerular filtration. Blood is directed into tiny clumps of arterioles called glomeruli where it’s initially filtered, and the filtrate – the stuff that gets filtered out – moves into the renal tubule.

The rate at which this filtration takes place is GFR. In a normal healthy person, this is somewhere around 100-120 mLs of fluid filtered per minute per 1.73 m² of body surface area. The value is slightly less in biologically female individuals, and it decreases slowly in all of us as we grow older.

Chronic kidney disease is mainly caused by diabetes and hypertension. Other systemic diseases like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can also cause glomerulosclerosis. Additional causes of chronic kidney disease include infections like HIV, as well as long-term use of medications like NSAIDs, and toxins like the ones in to***co.

General signs and symptoms include nausea and a loss of appetite. Toxin buildup can also cause:
• Increased tendency for bleeding
• Encephalopathy resulting in asterixis, a tremor of the hand that kind of resembles a bird flapping its wings
• Pericarditis, which is inflammation of the lining of the heart
• Uremic frost, where urea crystals can deposit in the skin and look like powdery snowflakes
• Coma and death

To confirm the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease, a kidney biopsy can be done to look for changes like glomerulosclerosis.

Treatment often involves managing the underlying cause. In severe cases, dialysis or a kidney transplant might be needed.

Learn more about chronic kidney disease by directing your questions and inquiries directly to our contacts and emails provide by the page.

The all-in-one health education platform where educators teach effectively and students learn efficiently.

14/03/2024
Follow Health BUZZ
23/02/2024

Follow Health BUZZ

We are all grateful for the gift of this moment. Life is what binds us ,so let's stay united and ambitious as we navigat...
03/01/2024

We are all grateful for the gift of this moment. Life is what binds us ,so let's stay united and ambitious as we navigate each day, considering all other factors🌟
Happy 2024 from HHealth BUZZ

Probiotics for women with recurrent UTI due yeast infection. Dm if interestedHealth BUZZ
07/10/2023

Probiotics for women with recurrent UTI due yeast infection.
Dm if interested
Health BUZZ

27/09/2023

DEAR STUDENTS,
Remember that your mental health is just as important as your academic pursuits." EMBRACE SELF-CARE, SEEK SUPPORT WHEN NEEDED, AND PRIORITIZE YOUR WELL-BEING."
You've got this!
Jose Monari
🧠💪

Common STI AlgorithmSTI is curable 💊💉
27/08/2023

Common STI Algorithm
STI is curable 💊💉

What is CYBER KNIFE TREATMENT?It is a painless and non-invasive treatment for cancerous & non-cancerous tumours. The hig...
27/04/2023

What is CYBER KNIFE TREATMENT?
It is a painless and non-invasive treatment for cancerous & non-cancerous tumours. The highly sophisticated machine delivers precise pulses of high-dose radiation that target certain tumours and other abnormal tissues while limiting exposure to surrounding healthy tissues.


09/04/2023

*♋ CANCER OF THE CERVIX*

This is the most common gynaecological cancer. The risk factors for this condition are early age of first coitus, multiple sexual partners, having spouses with multiple sexual partners, high parity, infection with human papilloma virus (HPV), and infection with Herpes simplex type II.

*Clinical Features*

Commonest in age group 30 and above.

There is post-coital bleeding.

There is post-menopausal bleeding.

There is foul smelling va**nal discharge.

There is intermenstrual PV bleeding.

Many patients present late with advanced disease.

Pain, anaemia, cachexia are late presenting features.

Diagnosis is confirmed by histology.

*Investigations*

Speculum examination shows easily bleeding lesion on the cervix Haemoglobin

*Biopsy*

A high index of suspicion is essential as early detection is important

*Management*

Provide general supportive care, e.g., correction of anaemia.

Undertake examination under anaesthesia for staging and biopsy of the lesion, for confirmation by histology.

Provide supportive treatment, surgery, and/or radiotherapy. Refer to a specialist as appropriate.

If histology confirms malignancy, admit for investigations.

*Prevention*

Avoid risk factors listed above.

Pap smear every 3 years for early detection.

Visual inspection (of cervix) with acetic acid (VIA) or Lugol’s iodine (VILI) are simple screening methods that can be used for all women from sexual debut. HPV vaccine before sexual debut and for those HPV negative.


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