INDEX ONE Laboratory Services

INDEX ONE Laboratory Services Private based lab,for both simple and complex tests.we collect samples and we are phone call away.

Another season another chance to get help and get treated with the best from getting the best results.We are giving 10%d...
02/08/2025

Another season another chance to get help and get treated with the best from getting the best results.We are giving 10%discount on almost every test within our premise.
#10% discount

02/08/2025

Urine Test (General/Macroscopic, Chemical, and Microscopic Examination)

1. Objective:
The objective of the urine test was to assess the physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics of a urine sample to aid in the diagnosis of renal, metabolic, and systemic conditions.
________________________________________
2. Principle:
The test was based on the analysis of urine through three components:
• Physical examination for color, clarity, and volume
• Chemical examination using reagent strips to detect substances like glucose, protein, ketones, etc.
• Microscopic examination of centrifuged urine sediment to detect cells, crystals, and microorganisms
________________________________________
3. Materials:
• Fresh urine sample in a sterile container
• Urine reagent strip (dipstick)
• Centrifuge and test tubes
• Microscope and slides with cover slips
• Glass rod or pipette
• Gloves
________________________________________
4. Procedure:
A. Physical Examination:
1. The color, clarity, and odor of the urine were noted.
2. The volume was measured if part of a 24-hour collection.
B. Chemical Examination (Dipstick):
1. A reagent strip was dipped into the urine for 1–2 seconds.
2. After waiting for the reaction time (as per strip instructions), the strip was compared to the color chart.
3. Parameters like pH, specific gravity, glucose, protein, ketones, bilirubin, urobilinogen, nitrites, leukocytes, and blood were recorded.
C. Microscopic Examination:
1. 10 mL of urine was centrifuged at 1500–3000 rpm for 5 minutes.
2. The supernatant was discarded, and the sediment was resuspended.
3. A drop of sediment was placed on a slide, covered with a coverslip, and examined under the microscope (10× and 40×).
4. Cells (RBCs, WBCs), casts, crystals, bacteria, and epithelial cells were observed and counted.
________________________________________
5. Result:
Physical:
• Color: Yellow, clear
• Abnormal: Red (hematuria), cloudy (infection)
Chemical (examples):
• Glucose: Negative
• Protein: Negative
• pH: 4.5 – 8.0
• Specific Gravity: 1.005 – 1.030
Microscopic (normal):
• RBCs: 0–2/HPF
• WBCs: 0–5/HPF
• Epithelial cells: Few
• Crystals/casts: None or rare
________________________________________
6. Uses:
• Screened for urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Detected kidney diseases (e.g., glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome)
• Monitored diabetes mellitus
• Evaluated liver function (bilirubin/urobilinogen)
• Checked for hematuria or proteinuria
________________________________________
7. Consultation:
Urine test results were interpreted by a physician in conjunction with patient symptoms and history. Abnormal findings required further investigations like culture, blood tests, or imaging.

01/08/2025

Bleeding Time (BT) Test

---

1. Objective:

The objective of the Bleeding Time (BT) test was to evaluate the time taken for small blood vessels to stop bleeding after a standardized skin puncture, thus assessing platelet function and vascular integrity.

---

2. Principle:

The test was based on the principle that bleeding time reflects platelet plug formation at the site of vascular injury. Any defect in platelet number, function, or vessel wall integrity prolonged the bleeding time.

---

3. Materials:

Sterile lancet or bleeding time device

Stopwatch

Filter paper (Whatman No. 1)

Sphygmomanometer

Alcohol swab

Ruler

Cotton and adhesive bandage

---

4. Procedure (Duke’s Method or Ivy’s Method):

(Ivy’s Method – more standard):

1. The patient’s forearm was cleaned and a blood pressure cuff was inflated to 40 mmHg.

2. A standardized incision (usually 5 mm long, 1 mm deep) was made on the volar surface using a lancet.

3. The stopwatch was started immediately.

4. Every 30 seconds, the blood was gently blotted with filter paper without touching the wound.

5. The time until bleeding stopped completely was recorded as the Bleeding Time.

6. The wound was cleaned and dressed after the test.

---

5. Result:

Normal range: 2 – 7 minutes

Prolonged BT:

Thrombocytopenia

Platelet function disorders (e.g., Glanzmann’s, Bernard-Soulier)

von Willebrand disease

Use of aspirin or NSAIDs

---

6. Uses:

Assessed primary hemostasis (platelet plug formation)

Diagnosed platelet function disorders

Evaluated bleeding tendency before surgery (less common now)

Monitored the effects of anti-platelet drugs

---

7. Consultation:

A physician interpreted BT results along with platelet count, PT, and aPTT. Abnormal results indicated the need for further platelet function studies or referral to a hematologist.

#

01/08/2025

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) Test
---

1. Objective:

The objective of the ESR test was to measure the rate at which red blood cells (erythrocytes) settled at the bottom of a vertical tube in one hour, serving as a nonspecific marker of inflammation.

---

2. Principle:

The test was based on the principle that during inflammation, certain proteins (like fibrinogen) cause RBCs to stick together and form rouleaux, which settle faster. The ESR value increased with inflammation or infection.

---

3. Materials:

Fresh anticoagulated blood (EDTA or sodium citrate)

Westergren pipette or Wintrobe tube

ESR stand

Timer

Anticoagulant (for Westergren: 3.8% sodium citrate)

---

4. Procedure (Microscopic not required – macroscopic):

(Using the Westergren method):

1. Blood was mixed with sodium citrate in a 4:1 ratio.

2. The Westergren tube was filled up to the 0 mark with the mixture.

3. The tube was placed vertically in an ESR stand, undisturbed, at room temperature.

4. After 1 hour, the height (in mm) of the clear plasma above the red cell column was read as the ESR.

---

5. Result:

Normal range:

Men: 0–15 mm/hour

Women: 0–20 mm/hour

Increased ESR:

Infections, autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), TB, anemia, malignancy

Decreased ESR:

Polycythemia, sickle cell anemia, leukocytosis

---

6. Uses:

Helped detect and monitor inflammation, infection, or autoimmune diseases

Used to monitor disease progression or response to therapy

Often used alongside CRP (C-reactive protein) for better inflammatory assessment

---

7. Consultation:

A physician interpreted ESR results with patient history, physical exam, and other tests. A raised ESR prompted further investigation into possible underlying conditions.

*Copied*

30/07/2025

Widal Test

1. Objective:

The objective of the Widal test was to detect antibodies (agglutinins) against the Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi antigens in a patient’s serum, helping diagnose enteric (typhoid) fever.

2. Principle:

The test was based on agglutination reaction between specific Salmonella antigens and corresponding antibodies in the patient’s serum. If antibodies were present, they reacted with the antigens to form visible clumps.

3. Materials:

Patient's serum (collected in a plain tube)

Widal antigen suspensions:

S. typhi O (somatic) antigen

S. typhi H (flagellar) antigen

S. paratyphi A and B H antigens

Glass slide or test tubes

Pipettes and mixing sticks

Physiological saline

Water bath/incubator (if tube method)

Timer and light source

4. Procedure:

Slide Method (Rapid):

1. A drop of patient serum was placed on a glass slide.

2. Equal drops of each Widal antigen were added.

3. The mixture was rotated gently for 1 minute.

4. Agglutination was observed visually.

Tube Method (Quantitative):

1. Serum was serially diluted in test tubes.

2. Equal volumes of antigen suspension were added.

3. Tubes were incubated at 37°C for 16–20 hours.

4. Agglutination was read visually and the antibody titer was recorded.

5. Result:

Positive: Agglutination observed; a titer of ≥1:80 or fourfold rise in paired samples was considered significant.

Negative: No visible agglutination.

6. Uses:

It was used to aid in the diagnosis of typhoid and paratyphoid fever.

Helped monitor disease progression or response to treatment.

7. Consultation:

Positive results prompted referral to a physician or infectious disease specialist. Antibiotic therapy was started based on clinical correlation, and blood culture was advised for confirmation.

*COPIED*

Things that make the system move for mankind and we say vuuuaaalaa🥰🥰🥰
29/07/2025

Things that make the system move for mankind and we say vuuuaaalaa🥰🥰🥰

Life is the germ that all of us need to move forward if for anything.Lets man up and do the right things at the best pl...
02/07/2025

Life is the germ that all of us need to move forward if for anything.Lets man up and do the right things at the best place.Lets share and have the best at INDEX ONE Laboratory Services as is indicated my people

Lest we forget to appreciate the day of our big boys and girls in the field of practice.Nyinyi ndio bazuu hapa na kule 🫣...
01/07/2025

Lest we forget to appreciate the day of our big boys and girls in the field of practice.Nyinyi ndio bazuu hapa na kule 🫣🫣 we celebrate you big time

Sisi hapa tunapenda amani ndiposa tunawakaribisha hapa kwetu...kwa kipole
01/07/2025

Sisi hapa tunapenda amani ndiposa tunawakaribisha hapa kwetu...kwa kipole

The season is tough but we still hold good things for our clients we make sure we open our business doors without fear j...
27/06/2025

The season is tough but we still hold good things for our clients we make sure we open our business doors without fear just because we still believe in your support


23/06/2025

Sleep is medicinal
Sleeping Naked Is Healthy.
Sleeping Naked Reduces Stress.
Sleeping Naked Reduces Anxiety.
Sleeping Naked Promotes Good Sleep.
Sleeping Naked Promotes Va**na Health.
Sleeping Naked Improves Male Fertility.
Sleeping Naked Promotes Groin Hygiene.
Sleeping Naked Is Super Healthy.

Sleep Naked should you get the chance Tonight. You Have Heard

09/06/2025

SEMEN ANALYSIS PIA INA MAMBO KWELI!!!

In diagnostic semen analysis, it is important to ask about any recent use of antibiotics before providing the sample collection container:

How Antibiotics Affect S***m Quality:

1. Reduced S***m Count (Oligos***mia)

2. Decreased S***m Motility

3. Abnormal S***m Morphology

4. DNA Fragmentation

(Not all antibiotics cause these effects and in most cases, the impact is temporary and reversible after stopping the medication)

Some of the antibiotics that could affect s***m count/ concentration and motility are;

ANTIBIOTICS THAT COULD AFFECT S***M COUNT/ CONCENTRATION AND MOTILITY

* Erythromycin

* Gentamicin (Garamycin)

* Neomycin

* Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)

* Tetracyclines
#

Address

Kisumu

Opening Hours

Monday 07:00 - 18:00
Tuesday 07:00 - 18:00
Wednesday 07:00 - 18:00
Thursday 07:00 - 19:00
Friday 06:00 - 19:00
Saturday 08:00 - 14:00
Sunday 10:00 - 13:00

Website

Alerts

Be the first to know and let us send you an email when INDEX ONE Laboratory Services posts news and promotions. Your email address will not be used for any other purpose, and you can unsubscribe at any time.

Contact The Practice

Send a message to INDEX ONE Laboratory Services:

Shortcuts

Share

Category