19/06/2025
Sickle Cell Awareness Day: Nutrition as a Supportive Therapy
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder that affects oxygen delivery throughout the body, often leading to pain, fatigue, delayed growth, and increased infection risk.
People with SCD have abnormally shaped hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to bodily tissues.
SCD affects cells so that they become crescent- or sickle-shaped instead of being rounded, and they become less rigid than those in people without the condition.
In those with SCD, the shape and rigidness of affected hemoglobin make red blood cells less flexible. Without this malleability, these cells are more likely to get stuck in blood vessels, obstructing blood flow.
Obstructed blood flow tends to trigger:
pain
inflammation
tissue and organ death, in severe cases, as they become starved for oxygen
While medical management is essential, *nutrition plays a critical supportive role* in improving quality of life for individuals living with SCD.
*Key Nutrition Considerations in SCD:*
Zinc is a mineral crucial for several bodily functions, including growth and immune system function.
Children with SCD have a high riskTrusted Source of zinc deficiency. This may be due to chelation therapy — a treatment healthcare professionals may useTrusted Source to prevent iron overload in people with SCD who receive regular blood transfusions
Some good sources of zinc include :nuts, fish ,meat ,pulses, such as beansand lentils
dairy products, whole grains
Folate is a vitamin B essential for producing and storing red blood cells. Since it is naturally occurring, people can obtain it from certain foods.
In people with SCD, red blood cells break down faster than in those without SCD. Folate may help replace red blood cells.
Additionally, some researchers hypothesize that people with SCD are at an increased riskTrusted Source for folate deficiency because their bodies produce more red blood cells than usual. However, the same researchers note that further research into the benefits and risks of folate supplementation in people with SCD is necessary.
Some rich sources of folate include:
leafy green vegetables, such as:broccoli ,spinach ,asparagus
certain fruits, such as papaya and strawberries
peanuts
Foods fortified with folate may include:cereals,rice ,bread ,pasta ,flour ,cornmeal
Water and fluids People with SCD are at increased risk of dehydration due to multiple factors, including kidney problems such as hyposthenuria, which is an inability to concentrate urine resulting in less reabsorption of water into the body.
The National Health Service in the United Kingdom notes that drinking plenty of fluids, such as water, may help reduce the risk of dehydration, which may increase the risk of a sickle cell pain crisis.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend that people with SCD drink 8–10 glasses of water per day
Other fluids may include:flavored water, milk, fruit juice
Omega-3 fatty acid supplements. The serum phospholipids of children with SCD contain reduced proportions of both the parent (alpha-linolenic acid) and the long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosapentanoic acid [EPA] and docosahexanoic acid [DHA]), compared with healthy controls. These long-chain omega-3 fatty acids increase the fluidity of red blood cell membranes, which may prevent sickle cell crisis. In a small double-blind, placebo-controlled study, supplemental EPA and DHA had significant therapeutic benefits including reduction of severe anemia.
Summary
🥦 *Higher energy needs* – due to increased red blood cell turnover
💧 *Hydration* – essential to reduce sickling episodes
🧃 *Folate & B-vitamins* – support red blood cell production
🍗 *Iron balance* – monitor intake depending on transfusion status
🛡️ *Antioxidants (Vitamins C & E, Zinc, Selenium)* – help combat oxidative stress
🍽️ *Frequent, nutrient-dense meals* – prevent weight loss and support immune function
*Nutrition can’t cure sickle cell, but it strengthens the body’s ability to cope, recover, and thrive.* Let’s continue to raise awareness and provide holistic care for those affected.
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