24/07/2024
Asthma is a chronic condition that affects the airways in your lungs, causing them to narrow, swell, and produce extra mucus. Here’s a detailed overview:
Causes
The exact cause of asthma isn’t known, but it is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Common triggers include:
Allergens: Dust mites, pollen, mold, pet dander.
Irritants: Smoke, pollution, strong odors.
Respiratory infections: Colds, flu.
Physical activity: Exercise-induced asthma.
Weather: Cold air or sudden changes in weather.
Medications: Aspirin, beta-blockers.
Other factors: Stress, strong emotions, and certain foods or preservatives
Signs and Symptoms
Asthma symptoms can vary from person to person and may include:
Shortness of breath
Wheezing (a whistling sound when breathing)
Chest tightness
Coughing, especially at night or early morning
Difficulty sleeping due to breathing problems
Treatment
Asthma can be managed with medications and lifestyle changes:
Quick-relief medications: Inhalers like albuterol to relieve symptoms during an attack.
Long-term control medications: Inhaled corticosteroids, long-acting beta agonists, and leukotriene modifiers to reduce inflammation and prevent symptoms.
Biologics: For severe asthma, medications like omalizumab can be used.
Bronchial thermoplasty: A procedure to reduce the muscle mass in the airways
Prevention
While asthma can’t be cured, its symptoms can be managed and attacks prevented by:
Avoiding triggers: Identifying and staying away from allergens and irritants.
Following a treatment plan: Taking medications as prescribed and using inhalers correctly.
Monitoring your condition: Keeping track of symptoms and peak flow readings.
Regular check-ups: Visiting your healthcare provider regularly to adjust treatment as needed
