26/08/2025
Amputation is the surgical removal of a limb or part of a limb (such as a leg, arm, foot, hand, toe, or finger). It is usually done when tissue is severely damaged or diseased and cannot be saved.
Common Indications (Why Amputation Is Done)
– Severe trauma or injury (e.g. accidents, crush injuries)
– Poor blood circulation (especially due to diabetes or peripheral artery disease)
– Severe infections (e.g. gangrene, necrotizing fasciitis)
– Cancerous tumors in bones or soft tissues
– Congenital limb defects (rare)
– Frostbite or burns that destroy tissues beyond repair
Types of Amputation
Type Description
Above-knee amputation (AKA) Limb removed above the knee joint
Below-knee amputation (BKA) Limb removed below the knee joint
Above-elbow amputation Removal above the elbow
Below-elbow amputation Removal below the elbow
Digit amputation Removal of fingers or toes
Disarticulation Amputation through a joint
Procedure Overview
Pre-op care: Informed consent, pain management, and psychological preparation
Surgery: Removal of the affected part, shaping of the remaining stump, and closure
Post-op care: Pain control, infection prevention, and wound care
Complications
– Phantom limb pain (feeling the limb is still there)
– Infection
– Poor healing or stump necrosis
– Blood clots
– Psychological effects (depression, grief, body image concerns)
– Contractures or joint stiffness
Rehabilitation and Care
– Wound care and monitoring for infection
– Stump care (daily cleaning, bandaging, and shaping for prosthesis use)
– Pain management
– Physical therapy: To strengthen muscles and teach mobility with or without a prosthesis
– Psychological support and counseling
– Prosthetic fitting: Artificial limbs help restore function and independence
Nursing Role
– Monitor vital signs, pain, and signs of infection
– Provide emotional support
– Educate on stump care and prosthesis use
– Prevent pressure sores and contractures
– Encourage early ambulation and rehabilitation goals.
